No abstract

Citrobacter freundii is one of the most causative agents of urinary tract infection in human due to their high antimicrobials resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of Citrobacter freundii to resist to fifteen antimicrobials. A total of 461 urine samples were collected from patients infected with urinary tract infection, females and males, age groups between 18 to 60 years old performed in Al-Najaf central hospital in Al-Najaf City, Iraq, during April to December 2018. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method according to the Kirby-Bauer method onto Mueller Hinton agar surface. There were 30 isolates (6.5%) diagnosed as Citrobacter freundii. Antimicrobial resistance rate of the 30 isolates to Amoxicillin and Chloramphenicol were all high (25 isolates 83.4%), Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin and Sulfonamide (24 isolates 80%). The good resistance rate was observed for Penicillin, Amoxiclav and Ceftazidime (21 isolates 70%). The moderate resistance rate was observed for Cefotaxime (19 isolates 63.3%), Ceftriaxone (20 isolates 66.7%), Gentamicin (15 isolates 50%), Tobramycin (18 isolates 60%) and Erythromycin (20 isolates 66.7%). The lowest resistance rate was observed for Tetracycline (19 isolates 63.3%). While Imipenem provided full antibacterial activity (30 isolates 100%). Of the total 30 isolates, 22 (73.3%) were multi-drug resistance, 8(26.7%) extensive-drug resistance and no isolates were pan-drug resistance. While 19 isolates (63.3%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Citrobacter freundii. Citrobacter freundii has highly resistant against most antimicrobials and became more dangerous bacteria cause urinary tract infection.

New imidazole  azo ligand (DPIDA) was prepared by coupling reaction between 4,5-di phenyl imidazole and N1,N1-dimethylbenzene1,4-diamine di hydrochloride  and studied the complexation of this ligand with Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) , and Hg(II)  ions , The free ligand and it’s complexes  characterized by Mass, 1HNMR, IR, UV-Vis. ,  and molar conductivity that indicated the octahedral geometry of them with a bidentate ligand which coordinated from (N3) atom of imidazole ring and one nitrogen atom of azo group.Biological activity of ligand (DPIDA) and it's complexes tested against two multi-drug resistant aerobic pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with a burn. Three concentrations were selected (50, 100, 150) mg/ml for each crud synthesized derivative compounds. The derivative compound (4,5-diphenyl imidazole) with concentration 150mg/ml had an excellent antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone 21.83 ± 0.1764 mm and 24.30 ± 0.4163 mm respectively.