Background: Diabetes is associated with both micro-and macrovascular complications. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Sitagliptin, Pioglitazone and Dapagliflozine on Isoprenaline (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in type II diabetic rats, regarding these parameters: lipid profile, blood glucose, kidney function, troponin, MDA, tumor necrosis factor-α, HR, ST elevation and histopathological changes of myocardium. Methods: Rats were classified into: Group I: control normal group. Group II: was not treated diabetic (diseased group). Group III: was treated with sitagliptin. Group IV: was treated with pioglitazone. Group V: was treated with dapagliflozine. Treated groups received drugs for 4 weeks. Results: Treated groups showed significant improvement in all parameters and improvement of the histopathology of the myocardium. A significant improvement in the parameters was seen in the treated groups at the end of the 4 th week. Conclusion: Our study revealed that dapagliflozine produced more improvement in blood glucose level, and there was no significant difference between it and pioglitazone in improving lipid profile. Pioglitazone was superior in decreasing creatinine level, serum troponin, HR, ST elevation, MDA, TNFα and histopathological changes of myocardium. There was no significant difference between the three drugs regarding to their effect on blood urea. So our drugs ,mainly pioglitazone may have a prophylactic effect against MI in diabetic rats, this may be due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect through reduction of MDA and TNF α respectively, glycemic control and improvement of dyslipidemia.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its relationship with cognitive impairment has been the subject of extensive research. Purpose: This study was designed to determine the effect of MetS on cognitive function, and the possibility of modulating this effect by exenatide, metformin and folic acid. Materials and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were divided in 5 groups. Group (I): received a standard rat chow, group (II): none treated rats with MetS fed with 60% fructose added to the standard rat chow, group (III): rats with MetS treated with exenatide, group (IV): rats with MetS treated with metformin, group (V): rats with MetS treated with folic acid. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, serum triglyceride, HDL-C, dopamine and BDNF levels in brain tissue were measured and cognitive performance was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test. Results: rats with MetS showed increased levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, arterial blood pressure, serum triglycerides, decreased HDL-C, dopamine and BDNF and showed memory impairment in MWM test. All treated groups resulted in decrease in fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, arterial blood pressure, and serum triglycerides and increase in HDL-C, dopamine and BDNF as well as improvement in MWM test. Conclusion: MetS was associated with cognitive impairment. Exenatide, metformin and folic acid improved cognitive function in addition to improvement of metabolic parameters.

No abstract

Background: Diabetes is associated with both micro-and macrovascular complications. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of HCQ alone and in combination with glimepiride and metformin on ISO induced MI in type 2 diabetic rats. The present study included the parameters blood glucose, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile, AKT, ECG changes and histopathology of the myocardium. Methods:Rats were classified into: Group I: control normal group. Group II:was not treated diabetic (diseased group). Group III: was treated with HCQ. Group IV: was treated with glimepiride. Group V: was treated with metformin. Group VI: was treated with HCQ + glimepiride. Group VII: was treated with HCQ + metformin. treated groups received drugs for 4 weeks. Results: Treated groups showed significant improvement in all parameters and improvement of the histopathology of the myocardium. A significant improvement in the parameters was seen in the treated groups at the end of the 4 th week. Conclusion: Our study revealed that HCQ with glimepiride or with metformin produced more improvement in blood glucose level, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, AKT, ECG changes, histopathology of the myocardium. So, our drugs, mainly combined drugs may have a prophylactic effect against MI in diabetic rats. this may be due to their glycemic control and improvement of dyslipidemia.