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Introduction/Objectives the aim of this study was to compare the difference in the postoperative pain when resin cements are used in comparison to bio ceramic cements in the obturation of root canals.Methods One hundred patients with permanent molar teeth requiring endodontic non-surgical retreatment were treated in this study. Preoperative assessment of the degree of the patient's pain was done using the visual analog scale. Fifty teeth were obturated with gutta percha using the epoxy resin-based sealer as the control group, and in the other fifty bio ceramic based cement was used. All teeth were prepared by the protaper next rotary files under copious irrigation with 30ml of 2.6 % sodium hypochlorite throughout the procedure. Obturation was done using the cold lateral compaction technique in the resin group and single cone technique in the bioceramic group. Postoperative pain assessment was done for each patient after six hours, twenty-four hours, four days and one week. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between pain scores regarding the postoperative pain between single cone bioceramic based obturation retreatments in comparison to the lateral compaction epoxy resin based obturation retreatments after 6, 24, 48 hours as well as one week. It was also found that There was no statistically significant difference between them in relation to age values and gender in the two groups.Conclusion with in the limitation of this study Single cone obturation with bioceramics can be used safely in single visit retreatment cases, when postoperative pain is being considered.

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Objectives: Post-treatment apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of peri-radicular tissues caused by either persistent or secondary intra-radicular infection . The present study compared the prognosis of cases treated with the “selective root retreatment”  concept to the traditional retreatment approach. Material and Methods: Forty patients complaining of failed root canal treatment having  a periapical lesion in one root were selected. The cases were randomly divided into two groups; group (S): selective root canal retreatment in which only the affected root was retreated and group (T): traditional root canal retreatment in which all canals were retreated. The peri-radicular condition was evaluated radiographically using the Periapical Index (PAI) for one year. The chi-square test statistical tests analyzed the outcome data. Results: At the baseline examination, There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the patients’ baseline mean periapical indices . After one year, we found that the mean periapical index declined without a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The present study points to selective root retreatment as a successful “minimally invasive alternative” in cases of an independently diseased root. The remaining treated roots can be retained without intervention provided that they are confirmed: “healthy”. Clinical Relevance: Selective root retreatment is a promising conservative option in the treatment of failed endodontic cases with periapical pathosis related to an individual root.