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Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) poses a major health problem. There is strong evidence for a potential role of the eNOS gene. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the possible role of genetic variants of the endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) gene (VNTR) in the pathogenesis of nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study included 196 subjects (145 T2DM and 51 normal controls) T2DM were classified into 2 groups: 97 diagnosed with DN, and 48 diabetics without nephropathy and hypertension as +ve control. Randomly selected was conducted to assess the association of SNP eNOS intron 4a/b VNTR polymorphism gene with diabetic nephropathy in Iraqi population. Blood samples from subjects and controls were analyzed to investigate the eNOS genotypes No significant differences were found in the frequency of eNOS genotypes between diabetic patients (either in group 1 or group 2) and controls (p >0.05). Also, no significant differences were found in the frequency of eNOS genotypes between group 1 and group 2 (p >0.05).

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Background: Worldwide studies have shown polymorphisms within the resistin gene like-420C/G (rs1862513) to verify the effect of these polymorphisms in the occurrence of T2DM. Aim: To study the association of-420C/G with T2DM in Iraqi population. Methods: The study consisted of 400 T2DM patients and 400 healthy control individuals. Genotyping of-420C/G polymorphism is achieved by PCR-RFLP. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyping was carried out by specific primers to amplify fragments for digestion with restriction enzyme. Bbs I restriction enzyme used for digestion followed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Various statistical analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of rs1862513 SNP revealed insignificant differences among the homo (GG) (OR= 1.42 ,CI 95%;0.95-2.11;P=0.08), hetero (CG) (OR= 1.07 CI 95%; 0.78-1.45, P= 0.7), dominant (OR = 1.42, CI 95%; 0.96-2.11, P= 0.08) and recessive (OR = 1.37, CI 95%; 0.96-1.98, P= 0.08) models. Furthermore, the minor allele frequency (G) was insignificantly increased (P= 0.21) in T2DM when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Resistin gene (rs1862513) polymorphism was exhibited non-significant association with T2DM in Iraqi population.

Background: According to Annual Report Iraqi Cancer Registry, prostate cancer were classified within top ten cancers in Iraqi male and composed 6.5 % of all cancer cases. Worldwide studies have shown relationship between LAPTM4B gene polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer. Aim: To study the association of LAPTM4B gene polymorphism with prostate cancer in Iraqi population. Methods: This case control study consisted of 80 prostate cancer patients and 80 healthy individuals as control group. Genotyping of LAPTM4B gene polymorphism is carried out by PCR. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyping was achieved with specific primers to amplify gene fragments followed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Various statistical analyses were applied to analyze the data. Results: The LAPTM4B gene polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of Pca in codominant (OR= 49 %, CI = 0.24 _0.99, P = 0.049, *1/2 versus *1/1) and dominant (OR = 47 %, CI = 0.24 _0.90, P = 0.024, *1/2+*2/2 versus *1/1) inheritance models. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that The LAPTM4B*2 allele significantly decreased the risk of Pca compared to LAPTM4B*1 and consider as protective factor in Iraqi population.