The larynges of 30 unmated, mature female albino mice were examined histologically and histochemically after injecting them with 19-nandrolone phenylpropionate. Permanent irreversible changes, in the form of parakeratosis and squamous metaplasia of the epithelium, and hypertrophy of the muscle fibers, were observed together with persistence of increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme intensity in the endothelium of capillaries and increased activity of nonspecific esterase in the muscles. Similar changes may be responsible for the alteration in the human female's voice after prolonged treatment with anabolic steroids.

Fifty patients (23 males and 27 females), with chronically hypertrophied and infected adenoids were subjected to adenoidectomy. Pre- and post-operative nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to study bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx both quantitatively and qualitatively. Twenty healthy controls were included in this study. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey's and Columbia blood agar plates. The rate of isolation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms decreased markedly following operation, while normal inhabitant organisms showed notable increase in their numbers post-operatively to reach a near normal level. It is concluded from this work that adenoidectomy produces a physiological effect on the nasopharyngeal microflora by conversion of an abnormal flora to a nearly normal one.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a bony destructive disease that frequently occurs in children; it is a subtype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The aims of this study were to detect the presenting features of temporal bone lesions in children and to evaluate the efficacy of surgery combined with radiotherapy in treatment of the disease. A retrospective study on 12 children with EG of the temporal bone was done. Computed tomography and hearing assessment were performed for all patients. All patients were treated with cortical mastoidectomy followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Follow-up was carried out for at least 2 years. The patients' presenting symptoms were external ear canal mass in 10 patients (83.3%), postauricular swelling in 8 patients (66.7%), and persistent otorrhea in 4 patients (33.3%). Ten patients (83.3%) showed conductive hearing loss, whereas 2 patients (16.7%) showed mixed hearing loss on the affected side. Computed tomography showed osteolytic defects without sclerotic margins filled with soft tissue masses involving the mastoid bone. Histopathologic examination showed eosinophils and Langerhans cells that were immune reactive for CD1 antigen and S-100 protein. Postoperative follow-up showed complete cure of the disease in 10 children (83.3%), with recurrence detected in 2 patients (16.7%) who needed second surgical intervention. We concluded that temporal bone EG in children may present with features that mimic the features of chronic suppurative otitis media. However, computed tomography and histopathologic examination are diagnostic. Cortical mastoidectomy together with postoperative radiotherapy is an achievable treatment in most cases.

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\s=b\Thirty children with lower respiratory tract infection of varying degrees secondary to chronic tonsillitis and/or enlarged adenoids were studied clinically and roentgenographically. Symptoms and signs of alveolar hypoventilation and signs of cor pulmonale were present in two of them. These symptoms and signs improved markedly after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. The relationship of the lung changes to the incidence of cor pulmonale is discussed. The development of recurrent attacks of severe lower respiratory tract infection secondary to diseased tonsils and adenoids is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cor pulmonale in children with upper respiratory tract obstruction due to chronically enlarged tonsils and adenoids.