Bureaucracy as an organizational form has always been a controversial issue and placed at the very heart of most discussions within organizational theory. One side of this prolonged discussion praises this administrative form as the 'rational' way to run an organization. It provides needed guidance and clarifies responsibilities, which enables employees to become more efficient. However, the opposition claims that in a non-linear world, where industrial organizations are forced to confront the challenging task of sensing and responding to unpredictable, novel situations of highly competitive markets, such an organizational form stifles creativity, fosters de-motivation and causes pressure on employees. Dealing with a bureaucratic form of organization and its consequences begs for a context. It would be appropriate to quit 'taking sides' and develop a sound analysis of this phenomenon under the conditions of today's global workplace environment. This chapter intends to delineate the conditions under which bureaucracy has emerged and the way it has been interpreted since its inception and develop a sound and appropriate analytical approach to its functioning given the prevailing conditions of the contemporary workplace.

There is a widely heralded need for improved corporate governance practices in order to stave off potential turbulences in financial markets. Corporate governance index enables investors to monitor the compliance level of firms with corporate governance principles. This study attempts to examine whether the market players in Borsa İstanbul recognize the value of getting a corporate governance score in the period of 2007 and 2013. The initial evidence supports that the market players value the scoring and the market price of firms announcing the scoring shows a sharp increase in the first announcement day and this dies out over the next 10 days.

The characteristics of the global business environment in which the organizations are expected to sense-and-respond to the target customers' preferences constantly on the move have drastically changed for the last four decades. The impact of repeated and prolonged attempts to design the whole (system) has been neutralized since it is barely enough to predict the outcomes of the upward-causality from the knowledge of the parts. Innovativeness, under these circumstances, cannot be reified as something done to organizations via deliberate managerial interventions. Traditional leadership approaches fail to grasp the very insight regarding the creation of ingenious organizations in which emergence is giving rise to innovation. This conceptual paper intends to delve into the relationship between innovation-driven organizations and the right context of leadership to be instilled through incorporation of complexity science into management and coins the term innoveadership to identify the characteristics of such context.

Purpose- There is a need for organizations to be innovative and keep on adapting to changes and new circumstances in today’s highly competitive world. Accordingly, some challenges emerged for both organizations and employees in adapting to the new situations as well as work-related daily routine tasks. Adaptation and coping capabilities of the employees have become an essential part of the work environment. These challenges have created stress among employees, affecting their personal lives and business lives. A concept of “Mindfulness” that enables people to be flexible and adaptable in adverse environments, and this, in turn, reduces people’s stress levels is used in business life as well. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting employees’ occupational stress and clarify their coping capabilities using mindfulness during turbulent times. Methodology- There are qualitative and quantitative studies about occupational stress and mindfulness in business and psychology disciplines. This research consists of an extensive literature review regarding the factors found in the literature, including stress and employee cooping capabilities in terms of mindfulness, and an empirical field study applied through an experimental group. They had an eight-week MBSR course and a survey applied before and after the training, in 2021. The data from the research was analyzed through the SPSS 25 program. Findings- According to literature, employees’ stress levels increased because of many factors like workload, time pressures and deadlines, extended working hours, work/family conflict, and an environment of uncertainty in general. On the other hand, in the literature, the factors affecting employees’ coping capabilities with stress are two crucial: employee well-being and resilience at work. The analyzed data from the experimental study supported the literature that mindfulness training reduces the stress level of employees while increasing their resilience and well-being levels. Conclusion- The study encourages Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs to be applied to employees during challenging times when there are high levels of uncertainty and stress. Experiential studies of mindfulness interventions demonstrate that mindfulness serves to reduce stress and improve well-being and resilience. Keywords: Stress, mindfulness, resilience, well-being, coping capability. JEL Codes: M10, M12, M19

International trade introduces a range of risks, which causes uncertainty over the timing of delivery and payment between exporters and importers. This chapter is a first attempt in dissecting Turkey's trade data in terms of risk allocation and trust between the parties involved. Breaking down Turkish export and import data for the years 2000 to 2018 according to methods of payment and use of currencies, the chapter first finds the risk is distributed unevenly between the exporter and the importer. Then findings are evaluated to open a new avenue of future research, constructed on the inquiry whether emerging economies like Turkey can establish trust in their trade with developed economies by using blockchain technology.