One of the most promising ways to utilize wastes from the oil extracting and oil refining industries, in particular oil sludge, is their processing into valuable construction and road materials. Solving this issue can help reduce the negative impact on the environment, rational use of natural resources and improve the state's economy. In this regard, it is important to conduct research on the physical and chemical properties and thermal characteristics of oil sludge samples taken at oil refineries of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the possibility of using them as an additive for bitumen grade BND 70/100.

This study examined the suitability of polyethylene terephtal (PET) waste to provide an alternative modification to bitumen and reduce waste accumulation. The chemical structure and physical properties were evaluated for modified bitumen with different PET flakes content from 2 to 10 %. The effect of PET waste content on bituminous systems was analyzed using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential thermal (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The study of change in the microstructure as a result of bitumen modification was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Regularities of changes in the structural-group composition of bituminous binders after their modification with PET waste have been established. It is noted that the chemical interaction of the base bitumen with PET  flakes occurs due to the formation of associative bonds between the oxygen-containing components of the modifier and bitumen. The influence of the modifier on the physical and mechanical properties was evaluated using standard methods (penetration, extensibility and softening point). Based on the physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, such as needle penetration depth (penetration), ductility and softening point, it was found that the optimal dosage of PET waste in terms of asphalt binder characteristics is 3 %. It has been established that PET waste and original bitumen interact both at the chemical and physical levels and can be considered as a suitable alternative for changing the properties of bituminous binders. Thus, the obtained samples of modified bituminous binders have improved physical and mechanical properties, which makes it possible to produce high-strength asphalt concrete pavements based on them.

Polymer-modified binders (PMB) have found wide application in improving the durability and performance properties of asphalt pavement. To establish the prospects for modifying bituminous binders with polymers, it is necessary to study the basic physical and chemical characteristics of these materials. This paper presents the results of studying the main structural and thermophysical properties of polyethylene terephthalic waste. It was revealed that the presence of functional groups and the corresponding thermal characteristics of the polymer waste open the possibility of using them as modifiers in road construction.

This paper presents the results of a study of the physical and chemical properties of samples of vegetable oils (sunflower, rapeseed, olive). It has been shown that the viscosity of oils varies from 41.4 to 61.7 cSt at a temperature of 40 ° C for olive and sunflower oils, respectively. The acid numbers of the oil samples were also determined, it was found that the lowest indicator is characteristic of sunflower oil. Pour points of oils also range from -3 to -16 ° C for olive and sunflower oils, respectively. Using the method of IR spectroscopy, functional groups in the composition of samples of vegetable oils were studied and it was shown that the composition of oils contains carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups, indicating the presence of carboxylic acids. Based on studies of the physical and chemical properties of vegetable oils, it was found that sunflower, olive and rapeseed oils can serve as raw materials for the synthesis of biofuels based on them, since they contain free fatty acids. To obtain biodiesel fuel based on vegetable oils, it is planned to use the transesterification method in the presence of various catalysts (alkaline, acidic, and complex).

This work presents data on the study of the possibility of using the natural polysaccharide chitosan and a synthetic polymer of polyvinyl alcohol as a matrix for creating a polymer form in the form of a film with prolonged drug release. Eye films based on chitosan, as well as on the basis of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol, have been developed by obtaining a composite injection. The immobilization of antibiotics in polyvinyl alcohol films leads to a pro nounced prolongation of the antibiotic action, at the same time, it significantly increases the penetration of the drug into the tissues and eye fluids, providing the necessary therapeutic concentration for 1 day, which certainly becomes a significant advantage of antibiotic administration methods. To study the yield of drugs from polymer dosage forms, the method of UV spectroscopy was used. The influence of the concentration of drugs on the dynamics of their release from polymer films in «in vitro» conditions was studied. It was found that their chitosan / PVA film has a longer release of the drug, which is indicative of a prolongation effect. The results which were obtained indicate the possibility of using a dosage form based on biocompatible high molecular weight compounds to create therapeutic systems with a diffusion mechanism of drug release.