The Rohingya are a largely Muslim ethnic minority that mostly resides in Rakhine, Myanmar. They have lived for centuries in Myanmar region with Buddhist majority, however, they are still not considered as one of Myanmar’s 135 official ethnic groups and their citizenship’s rights have been denied since 1982, which consequently rendering them stateless. Shortly after the 1962 military coup in Myanmar, things had changed dramatically for the Rohingya people. The new citizenship law which has been passed in 1982 was clearly a discrimination law towards the Rohingya people due to its over-burdensome requirements to become a citizen of Myanmar. Under the law, in order to obtain the most basic level (naturalized citizenship), they must proof that they have lived in Myanmar before 1948, as well as fluency in one of the national languages. Unfortunately, those requirements cannot be fulfilled by most of Rohingya people as they lack such paperwork because it was either unavailable or denied to them. As a result of such law, their rights to study, work, travel, marry, practice their religion and access health services have been continuously restricted. For these reasons, the Myanmar (formerly Burma) government shall repeal the 1982 Citizenship Law or abolish its over-burdensome requirements for citizens in a manner which has discriminatory effects on racial or ethnic minorities.

The Act Num. 23/2004 about the Abolition of Domestic Violence regulates about the provision of protection and restoration for victims, which are the must given to fullfil the victims’ right, and also the criminal sanctions for perpetrators. According to the Act, this kind of violence divided into four categories, There are physical abuse, psychic abuse, sexual abuse and household neglection. By taking some data about violence against women in Jakarta, the problems formulation for this journal are: What the form of legal protection for women victims of non-physical violence in the household according to the Act Num. 23/2004 in Jakarta; and how the implementation of the legal protection for women victims of non-physical violence in the household according to the Act Num. 23/2004 in Jakarta. The method that used to write this journal is normative legal research, which is supported by some interviews with parties who do work in the field of fulfilling women's welfare and rights. In the act Num. 23/2004 there are two types of protection, they’re temporary protection and protection based on court stipulations. On the implementation, from the very first time that the protection given until the recovery, each process involves professionals in their respective fields. It is important, so that the victim can get the immidiate and right treatment. However, the implementation of the provision of protection and restoration to the victims still faces various obstacles, both in terms of substance, structure, and culture of the community.

Upaya Polres Kepulauan Mentawai dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak adalah berupa sosialisasi Atau penyuluhan yang dipusatkan kepada masyarakat di desa desa nelayan yang terindikasi melakukan aktifitas penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak. Melakukan Patroli Rutin yang dilaksanakan kurang lebih 2 kali dalam sebulan dan pada hari hari penting. Kendala Polres Kepulauan Mentawai dalam upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak adalah faktor tidak tegasnya penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak sering kasus hanya diselesaikan dengan pembuatan surat perjanjian dikarenakan faktor penyebab masyarakat menangkap ikan dengan bahan peledak hanya karena tuntutan ekonomi. Kendala lain adalah Kurangnya kepedulian masyarakat akan lingkungannya terutama lingkungan laut, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat nelayan akan dampak penggunaan bahan peledak dalam melakukan penangkapan ikan.

ABSTRAK   Kembalinya Taliban ke Afghanistan menimbulkan banyak kontroversi terutama mengenai hak asasi terhadap perempuan. Diratifikasinya CEDAW oleh Afghanistan membuat negara tersebut secara hukum menjadi terikat dengan konvensi tersebut dan harus menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah diatur ke dalam peraturan dan tindakan nasionalnya. Pada kenyataannya, masih terdapat pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan oleh rezim Taliban, diantaranya yaitu adanya pembatasan terhadap hak perempuan. Karya ilmiah hukum ini membahas bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap kaum perempuan di Afghanistan selama kekuasaan rezim Taliban dan bagaimana tanggung jawab Afghanistan sebagai negara terhadap pelanggaran hak perempuan di Afghanistan berdasarkan Konvensi CEDAW. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dan bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, data diolah secara kualitatif dan penarikan kesimpulan menggunakan logika deduktif. Hasil penelitian, pembahasan dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu, negara Afghanistan dianggap telah melanggar perjanjian internasional dan Afghanistan sebagai negara harus mempertanggungjawabkan tindakan yang telah dilakukan oleh organ negaranya tersebut.

Sexual crime is happening in various countries, especially in Indonesia. In general, sexual crimes, especially against children, are a concern by the government because when a child becomes a victim of sexual crimes it can cause life-long trauma and at worst, death. Therefore, the preventive ways has been arranged by the Governement in Law of Republic Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 concerning Determination of Substitute Government Regulations in Law of Republic Indonesia Number 1 of 2016 concerning the second amandement of Law number 23 of 2002 Regarding Child Protection where there are sanctions for chemical castration against perpetrators who commit sexual crimes against children, in order to provide a punishment that can make a deterrent effect on someone who commits sexual crimes against children. However, in the determination of sanctions for the act of chemical castration, the community and various parties have contradictions where it must be seen in terms of the human rights of the perpetrator and the effectiveness of the sanctions.