Introduction: The emerging upsurge in the rate of resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics and the high cost of orthodox medical treatment underpinned the need for medicinal plant as potential alternative therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of sunflower seed extract in the treatment of diarrhea. Ethanol and aqueous seed crude extract were screened for antibacterial activity in-vitro against Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella sonnei. Prior to the screening, plant phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. The antibacterial activity was carried out using agar well diffusion method and compared to the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by plating out from microtiter plates with no visible growth. The results of phytochemical screening reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycoside, anthraquinones and resins from prepared crude extract of sunflower. The ethanolic extract had antibacterial activity against the tests organisms with diameter zone of inhibition range from 31mm at 15.63mg/ml. This provides evidence for its usage as an alternative remedy for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella sonnei.

The continuous use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections has led to the increase in bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. Many bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus are currently multi-drug resistant, which poses a great problem to the medical and pharmaceutical industry [1]. This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Syzygium aromaticum against the above-mentioned organism. The plant extracts were Hot water, Cold water, and Ethanol, and the susceptibility of the organism was tested using agar well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity on the isolate used i.e. Staphylococcus aureus. From the result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.24mg/ml, and the Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 3.91mg/ml. The Diameter Zone of Inhibition in (mm) against the plant concentration in (mg/ml) parameters were 500mg/ml and 250mg/ml. The values of the diameter zone of inhibition against the plant concentrations ranged from 16mm to 0mm while control ranged from 38mm to 10mm. The Phytochemical components determined in Cloves were Alkaloids, Saponin, Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Soluble Carbohydrate, Glycosides, and Terpenes.

The continuous use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections has led to the increase in bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. Many bacteria, including E. coli are currently multi-drug resistant, which poses a great problem to the medical and pharmaceutical industry [1]. This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Syzygium aromaticum against the above-mentioned organisms. The plant extracts were in Hot water, Cold water, and Ethanol, and the susceptibility of the organisms was tested using agar well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity on all isolates used i.e E.coli. From the result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.24mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 3.91mg/ml. The diameter zone of Inhibition in (mm) against the plant concentration in (mg/ml) conentrations were 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml, 125mg/ml, 62.50mg/ml, 31.25mg/ml, and 15.63mg/ml. The values of the diameter zone of inhibition against the plant concentrations ranged from 16mm to 0mm while control ranged from 38mm to 10mm. The Phytochemical components determined in Cloves were Alkaloids, Saponin, Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Soluble Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Terpenes. This research showed that all the clove extracts against E. coli had the lowest MBC values, which proved to be the most effective and all the clove extracts against E. coli had the lowest MIC value of 0.24mg/ml, which proved to be the most effective of the three.

The continuous use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections has led to the increase in bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. Many bacteria, including Salmonella typhi are currently multi-drug resistant, which poses a great problem to the medical and pharmaceutical industry [1]. This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Syzygium aromaticum against the above-mentioned organisms. The plant extracts were in Hot water, Cold water, and Ethanol, and the susceptibility of the organisms was tested using agar well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity on all isolates used i.e Salmonella typhi. From the result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.24mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 3.91mg/ml. The diameter zone of Inhibition in (mm) against the plant concentration in (mg/ml) concentrations were 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml, 125mg/ml, 62.50mg/ml, 31.25mg/ml, and 15.63mg/ml. The values of the diameter zone of inhibition against the plant concentrations ranged from 16mm to 0mm while control ranged from 38mm to 10mm. The Phytochemical components determined in Cloves were Alkaloids, Saponins, Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Soluble Carbohydrate, Glycosides, and Terpenes.