The effect of incubation time by using three culture starters (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles) and Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) starch as a stabilizer on the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of yoghurt were investigated. One of the problems in making yoghurt is the occurrence of syneresis caused by the unstable casein micelles. The addition of natural stabilizers is known to be able to solve the problem. In this research, local taro was added to the yoghurt as stabilizers followed by different incubation time (18-h, 24-h, 30-h, 36-h and 42-h). The results showed that incubation time had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on viscosity, whey holding capacity (WHC), moisture content, carbohydrates, pH value, total acidity, and total lactic acid bacteria. During the fermentation process, the prolonged incubation time resulted in increased acidity, viscosity, WHC, and total lactic acid bacteria, while simultaneously decreased the pH value, moisture and carbohydrate content. The research concluded that 36 h incubation time produced the best yoghurt characteristics made with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophiles as culture starters and taro starch as a local Indonesia stabilizer.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas semen segar kambing Kacang pada penyimpanan yang berbeda pada suhu ruang dengan menggunakan pengencer tris aminomethan kuning telur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Setiap perlakuan semen diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Variabel yang diamati antara lain motilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian. Apabila diantara perlakuan terdapat perbedaan maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas spermatozoa kambing Kacang pada suhu ruang dengan lama simpan yang berbeda dengan menggunakan pengencer menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01). Pada pengamatan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa kambing Kacang pada suhu ruang  menggunakan pengencer menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01). Tetapi pada pengamatan abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Kacang pada suhu ruang tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penggunaan pengencer serta tidak terdapat pengaruh antara lama simpan dan penggunaan pengencer terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Kacang (P>0,01). Namun terdapat pengaruh yang sangat nyata lama simpan terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Kacang. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian yaitu lama simpan yang berbeda pada suhu ruang menggunakan tris aminomethan kuning telur terdapat pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas semen segar kambing Kacang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka disarankan agar penggunaan kuning telur sebagai pengencer tidak lebih dari 9 jam karena dapat menurunkan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa.Kata kunci : Lama Simpan, Kambing Kacang, Pengencer, Spermatozoa, Kualitas Semen

This study aims to investigate the quality of Simental frozen semen based on the temperatures and duration of thawing. The materials used in this study were frozen semen of Simental cattle. The study used a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 6 treatments and 10 replications. The thawing temperatures were 37°C and 25°C and the durations of thawing were 7 seconds, 15 seconds and 30 seconds. The variables observed in this study were the motility, viability and abnormality of Simental frozen semen. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference in advanced test was done by using the smallest Real Difference Test. The results showed that the temperature and duration of thawing and the interaction of temperature and duration of thawing provide a highly significant difference (P <0.01) on motility, viability and abnormality of Simental frozen semen. The highest motility (45,5%) and viability (75,65%) were found on 37°C and during 30 seconds of thawing, and the lowest abnormality was 4,71%. This study concludes that the optimal thawing temperature and the lenght of thawing for Simental frozen semen is 37°C and 30 seconds respectively.Keywords:thawing, sperm, motility, viability, temperature, abnormality PENDAHULUANSapi Simental memiliki persentasi karkas tinggi dan dapat difungsikan sebagai sapi potong dan perah dengan pertambahan bobot badan berkisar 0,6 sampai 1,5 kg per hari (Yunus, 2014). Sapi ini memiliki ciri-ciri warna kuning sampai merah serta memiliki warna putih pada muka, rambut ekor dan dada serta tidak bertanduk.Pemeriksaan atau evaluasi semen segar terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu pemeriksaan secara makroskopik dan pemeriksaan mikroskopik. Pemeriksaan secara makroskopi meliputi warna semen, bau semen, volume semen, konsistensi dan pH semen. Sedangkan pemeriksaan mikroskopik meliputi motilitas massa, motilitas individu, viabilitas spermatozoa, konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa (Kartasudjana,2001;Yendraliza, 2008).Pengenceran dan penyimpanan bertujuan untuk menurunkan aktifitas metabolisme yang berlebihan agar dapat memperpanjang waktu hidup spermatozoa didalamnya, bahan pengencer yang digunakan hendaknya mampu menyediakan zat-zat makanan sebagai sumber energi, mencegah stress dingin, mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan sebagai buffer (Hafez, 2008).

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of watering frequency of sheep urine solution on plant height, number of leaves and plant production on corn fodder (Zea mays). The material used in this study was 3.750 corn, sheep urine and water. The method used in this study was a field experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The research treatment consisted of P1 (watering 1 time /day), P2 (watering 2 times /day) and P3 (watering 3 times /day) with 10% sheep urine solution. The variables observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves and plant production. The analysis used was analysis of variance if there was an effect then continued with the LSD test. Based on the results of the study showed that the frequency of watering the urine solution of sheep gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) on plant height, number of leaves and gave a very significant effect (P <0.01) on plant production. The highest plant height in P2 (36.76 cm), the highest number of leaves in P2 (3.40 strands) and the highest plant production in P2 (374.80 grams). The conclusion of this study is the watering of sheep urine solution 2 times a day giving the best results on plant height, leaf number and fresh hydroponic production of corn fodder (Zea mays). Keywords: sheep urine, corn fodder, plant height, number of leaves and plant production