The area of agricultural land is increasingly limited, making land conservation a must. The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence the choice of land conservation and its effect on the technical efficiency of highland potato farming. This study used data at the farm level which was obtained through a survey by conducting structured interviews with 184 potato farmers in Pangalengan – West Java who were randomly selected. Data analysis employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to eliminate selection bias in the selection of a sample of farmers who applied tillage in the direction of the slope or in the direction of the contour compare with tillage using the bench terrace technique. The comparison of technical efficiency is done by using the frontier production function model. The results showed that the slope of farm land and the ownership status of the land have a positive effect on the selection of bench terrace soil conservation techniques. The level of technical efficiency of potato farming using land management techniques of the slope-wise or contour-wise was not significantly different from the level of technical efficiency of farming using the bench terrace technique. Public policies that can increase the certainty of the status of farmers’ arable land will have a positive effect on the adoption of farming technology that takes into account the principles of land conservation.

The Covid-19 pandemic, changes in global political and security conditions, and climate change have brought significant changes to the food production, consumption, and supply chain. The impact of these changes is transmitted to the farm level. Farmers face not only production risk and price risk, but also the risk of market changes triggered by changes in business orientation on fulfilling consumer pReferences. The purpose of this study is to identify changes in the socio-economic and political environment and their impact on farmers and farming, as well as to analyse the responses needed for extension to remain effective and relevant in carrying out its role. This study employed a descriptive comparative approach. Qualitative data obtained through literature studies based on journal articles. This study found that changes in the business environment not only affect farmers and farming but also the food agribusiness system from upstream to downstream. The conventional extension approach is increasingly turning into a more flexible approach and is not only oriented to the needs of farmers but also considers the needs or pReferences of consumers. Extension is no longer a domain or carried out by public institutions but also by private institutions or companies as well. The results of this study are useful for the formulation of public policies in the field of extension as part of responding to changes in the busiess environment, climate change, and information technology.