Contribution of an educational video to surgical education in laparoscopic appendectomy INTRODUCTIONLaparoscopy is becoming an essential procedure for surgeons. Laparoscopy is frequently being used in very simple to complicated operations and is threatening to replace conventional surgery (1, 2). For surgeons to safely apply laparoscopic procedures in daily practice, they should enhance their cognitive and psychomotor skills; surgeons often first perform these procedures on devices such as training boxes or simulators (3, 4). In general surgery, advanced laparoscopic surgery procedures are being used daily in many clinics, from basic laparoscopic surgeries such as cholecystectomy and appendectomy to colectomy, bariatric surgery, fundoplication, splenectomy, surrenalectomy, hepatectomy, and the Whipple procedure. These surgical procedures are being taught in two ways. Simulators, such as simple educational boxes, can be used as educational models by increasing skill level and simulating operations without intervention on live patients; they can also be used as video models for measuring surgeons' levels of knowledge of laparoscopic surgery, demonstrating the surgery, and describing technical errors. Furthermore, simulators can be educational tools for determining the contribution of the videos to this subject by re-evaluating the surgeons' knowledge after the education program (5-7). Despite current technological advances, laparoscopic education cannot be sufficiently provided through only a master-apprentice relationship; therefore, it can be useful to provide this education on a periodic basis (5, 8).The aim of this study was to measure the level of knowledge of surgeons on laparoscopic appendectomy, which is one of the most performed operations in surgery clinics; after asking the surgeons to watch an educational video, we evaluated its contribution to their education. MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study was performed between October 2015 and November 2015 with approval from the local ethics committee. The study was sponsored by the Scientific Research Project body of Adnan Menderes University. A total of 40 volunteer general surgery residents and specialists participated in the study. Objective: With recent widespread advances in laparoscopy, providing education on this subject has become a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of contribution made by surgeons to laparoscopic education through an educational video. Material and Methods:A total of 40 volunteer general surgery residents and specialists participated in our study. Before watching the approximately six-minute educational video prepared for laparoscopic appendectomy, the participants were asked to fill out participant information forms and information measurement questionnaire forms. After the video, the participants were asked to fill out the information measurement questionnaire forms a second time; additionally, attitude evaluation forms and education evaluation questionnaire forms were presented to the participants...

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Objective Patients diagnosed with breast cancer and decided to undergo surgical treatment can undergo neoadjuvant therapy following their 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) findings. The present study aims to determine the statistical significance of these patients whose treatment plan was changed and the reasons for the change in the plan. Materials and Methods The demographic features and treatment plans of 151 cases who were diagnosed with any stage of breast cancer were evaluated. These patients consist of those who admitted to Mersin University Hospital Breast Outpatient Clinic between January 2016 and December 2019. All of these patients aged between 41 and 85 years were examined with 18F-FDG PET/CT after the decision for surgical treatment is made. The analysis included tumor pathology, side, type, subtype, size, and centricity in this study. Results About 18.5% (n = 28) of patients' treatment plan was changed after 18F-FDG PET/CT. They received neoadjuvant therapy. About 81.5% (n = 123) of patients did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Significant differences were observed between patients changed treatment plan and not changed concerning age, lymph node involvement, tumor size, centricity, and subtypes parameters. Conclusion Conventional imaging examinations are used in patients with breast cancer. These examinations may not be sufficient to determine advanced disease requiring neoadjuvant treatment. With 18F-FDG PET/CT examination, these advanced stage patients are not overlooked. In our study, approximately one in five patients, treatment plan changed after 18F-FDG PET/CT examination.

BACKGROUND: Created a model in the rats, to prevent mucosal damage and related effects in the patients, who were operated due to mechanical obstruction. Some groups fed fodder with probiotics, some groups fed with standard fodder. It is objected that the damage of gut mucosa and related effects on how to expose the differences of the groups. METHODS:In this study, 48 female Wistar-albino type rats are separated into five groups randomly. In the first operation, rats' terminal ileum was tied up with silk except for the control group. Two groups 24, the other two groups 48 hours later operated again and terminal ileum obstructions were removed. During that time, each one of those 24 and 48 hours of obstructed groups were fed with probiotic. Twenty-four hours later, the control group and other groups were operated for the third time for sampling. Terminal ileum, liver, spleen, MLN (Mesenteric lymph node) and blood samples were taken. RESULTS:The research group, which was obstructed and fed with probiotics during 48 hours, was significantly observed in increased mucosa cell loss and mucosal edema. Bacterial translocation was found more common in groups without probiotics. Tissue GR (Glutathione reductase) and erythrocyte CAT (Catalase) were lower in the group of 24 hours obstructed and given probiotics. CONCLUSION:The findings suggest that the high rate of mucosal edemas in the groups that are fed with probiotics can be seen as damage, but we think that probiotics are consonant with the strength of the mucosal barrier. Thus, in the groups fed with probiotics, it is possible that bacterial translocation is seen less, and some antioxidative enzymes are found less. Further studies are needed to investigate the benefits of probiotics in patients operated for obstruction.