Camostat has a beneficial effect on pancreatic fibrosis induced by the administration of a SOD inhibitor, which inhibits the proliferation and activation of PSC.

These results suggest that free radicals generated by XOD might directly activate PSC.

An 80-year-old man was under annual surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). Two years after the initial ESD, a 0-IIc type metachronous EGC lesion, 8 mm in size, without an ulcer scar, was found in the gastric antrum. The estimated tumor depth was up to the mucosa, and biopsy revealed well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. ESD was performed for this lesion and en bloc resection with negative margins was achieved. Histopathological examination revealed an adenosquamous carcinoma 8 mm in size invading the deep submucosal layer (1600 μm), with lymphovascular invasion, consistent with the diagnosis of non-curative resection. Additional gastrectomy was recommended for this patient; however, two months after the ESD, preoperative computed tomography revealed multiple liver metastases, and the patient was considered as an unsuitable candidate for surgical resection. Systemic chemotherapy was therefore started; however, the patient died of gastric cancer 27 mo after the second ESD. Early gastric adenosquamous carcinoma localized to the mucosa and submucosa is extremely rare and its clinical behavior is not well known. The present report is very significant in that it underscores the distinct possibility of gastric adenosquamous carcinoma being very aggressive and fatal even when detected at an early cancer.

Sialadenoma papilliferum of the esophagus is an extremely rare benign tumor that derives from the submucosal gland duct of the minor salivary gland. A 45-year-old man underwent upper gastrointestinal series. A 13 mm diameter esophageal polyp was suspected in the mid esophagus. Endoscopy examination revealed a pedunculated polyp arising from the posterior wall of the esophagus. The head of the polyp was covered with exudate and was slightly nodular but the pedicle had normal mucosa. We performed endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and the histological examination of the polyp showed that it was compatible with sialadenoma papilliferum of the esophagus.

The oral administration of taurine improves pancreatic fibrosis. Taurine chloramine inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 produced from activated pancreatic stellate cells and improves pancreatic fibrosis.