The description of the genus Kineosporiu is amended after chemotaxonomic and morphological studies of the type strain of the type species, Kineosporiu uurantiucu JCM 3230. This organism yielded both LL-and rneso-diaminopimelic acids, which suggested that the former is present in the mycelium and the latter is present in the spores. There was no characteristic sugar pattern. A diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine, and a major menaquinone component was MK-9(H4). No iso/anteiso branched fatty acids and no mycolic acids were observed. Colonies on agar lacked aerial mycelia, formed central projections including spores, and were occasionally accompanied by bunches of spore clusters in the agar. Spores were catenated or were located singly or aggregately at the tips of the vegetative hyphae. Our data indicate that the strain representative of the genus Kineosporiu shows some similarity to the spore dome actinomycetes described by Willoughby and by Makkar and Cross.The name Kineosporia aurantiaca was proposed by Pagani and Parenti in 1978 (11) for an actinomycete that lacked aerial mycelia and bore numerous sporangia, each of which contained a single zoospore, on the substrate mycelia. Analyses of the cellular components in the original description showed the presence of glycine and LL-diaminopimelic acid (A,pm) in the cell walls and arabinose, galactose, and xylose in the whole organism. Pagani and Parenti emphasized the structure of the sporangium of their strain, compared with the sporangia of the other sporangium-forming actinomycetes, and consequently placed it in the new genus Kineosporia .Recently, Hasegawa et al. (4) reported that whole cells of K . aurantiaca contain two isomers of A,pm, the LL and meso forms, but lack arabinose and xylose. Our analyses agree with the analyses of these authors. In addition, we observed that the spores are catenated or form aggregately at the tips of hyphae.Therefore, the description of the genus Kineosporia should be revised, and further studies on K . aurantiaca should be undertaken. We studied this organism to gain a better understanding of the taxonomy of the monospecific genus Kineosporia . MATERIALS AND METHODSStrain used, cultivation, and spore collection. K . aurantiaca JCM 3230T (= KCC A-0320T = Ah0312 Pagani and ParentiT) (T = type strain) was cultivated in yeast extract-glucose broth containing 10 g of yeast extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and 10 g of glucose in 1,000 ml of distilled water (pH 7.2) at 28°C for 5 to 6 days and then harvested by centrifugation. The biomass consisted of mycelial mats and numerous zoospores; this preparation was designated whole cultured organism.Spores were collected from a spread culture grown on a dilute yeast extract-starch agar plate containing 0.5 g of yeast extract (Daigo Eiyo, Osaka, Japan), 2.5 g of soluble starch, and 15 g of agar in 1,000 ml of distilled water (pH 7.3) at 25°C for 6 days. The spread culture was dipped in distilled water, and the surface was lightly scratched to promote the release of m...

were studied to establish their taxonomic status. Well-developed fragmenting vegetative mycelium was observed. The chemotype was type IVA containing rneso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and mycolic acids were present. These morphological and chemical properties are characteristic of the genus Nocurdiu. The physiological and biochemical characteristics were most similar to those of Nocurdiu usteroides; however, these organisms were different in their decomposition of urea, growth temperature, utilization of nitrogen sources, survival at 50°C for 8 h, mycolic and fatty acid profiles, and deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization characteristics. Therefore, we propose a new species for these strains, Nocurdiu seriolae. The type strain is strain JCM 3360.A disease caused by actinomycetes in cultured fishes occurred first in rudderfishes (Seriola quinqueradiata and Seriola purpurascens) in Mie Prefecture, Japan, in 1967 (2, 13) and then spread to fish farms in the western district of Japan. This disease is characterized by the formation of abscesses in the epidermis and of tubercles in gills, kidneys, and spleens (13,15,17, 18). In 1968, the causative organisms were initially isolated, and their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were examined by Kariya et al. (13). Although these authors suggested that the strains were related to Nocardia asteroides, they proposed a new species, "Nocardia kampachi," for these organisms because of differences in some physiological and biochemical characteristics. However, morphology was the sole characteristic used for assignment of these strains to the genus Nocardia, and the description of " N . kampachi" lacked designation of a type strain. This name has never been validated, and original strains are not available anymore. Later, in 1973 and1974, Kusuda and Taki (17) and Kusuda et al. (18) isolated bacteria from infected yellowtails and identified them as " N . kampachi."We studied one of the strains of Kusuda (17) and four strains newly isolated from infected fishes (yellowtails [S. quinqueradiata] and a Japanese flounder [Paralichthys olivaceus]) to establish the taxonomic status of these strains. Based on morphological and chemical properties, we assigned the isolates to the genus Nocardia, and we propose a new species, Nocardia seriolae, for them on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization results and mycolic and fatty acid profiles in addition to physiological and biochemical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. In this study we used five strains isolated from cultured fishes from various fish farms in Japan and, for comparison, some strains of N . asteroides and related strains (Table 1).Morphology. The morphology of the isolates was studied by growing the strains on dilute yeast extract-malt extract agar (ISP medium no. 2 diluted to a 1/10 concentration) at 28°C for 5 days. A sample for electron microscopy was * Corresponding au...

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Eight actinomycete strains originally isolated from soil and plant samples were studied to determine their taxonomic status. All isolates produced branching substrate mycelia, but no distinct aerial hyphae. Relatively short chains of nonmotile spores (10 to 30 spores per chain) were borne on the tips of sporophores arising directly from the agar surface. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates, with the exception of the menaquinone profile, coincided with those of members of the family Streptuspurangiaceae Goodfellow, Stanton, Simpson, and Minnikin 1990. Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis performed with 5s rRNA support the conclusion that the isolates should be classified in this family. The isolates differed from members of the constituent genera of the Streptusporangzhceue in morphological characteristics and menaquinone composition. Therefore, we propose a new genus for the strains, Herbidospora. The type species and type strain are Herbiduspuru cretacea sp. nov. and strain K-319 (= JCM 8553), respectively.The tentative name "maduromycete group" was used by Goodfellow and Cross in 1984 (12) for the chemotaxonomically defined actinomycete group which has cell wall type I11 and whole-cell sugar pattern B of Lechevalier and Lechevalier (28). At that time, this group included the genera Actinomadura , Microbispora , Microtetraspora , Planobispora , Planomonospora , Spirillospora , and Streptosporangtum. Subsequently, the genera Actinomadura and Spirillospora were eliminated from this group (11) on the basis of cellular lipid profiles (1, 2, 23, 29) and phylogenetic relationships (9). In 1990, the family Streptosporangiaceae was proposed by Goodfellow et al. (13) for the redefined maduromycete group. The taxonomic properties of the genera in this family are similar to each other. These organisms are characterized by the following common features. Substrate and aerial mycelia are well developed and branched. Spore chains or sporangia are formed on the tips of sporophores branching from the aerial hyphae. meso-Diaminopimelic acid is present in the cell walls, but glycine is not (wall chemotype 111). The N-acyl type of muramic acid in the cell walls is an acetyl type (21). The cellular fatty acids consist of straight, iso-branched, and 10-methylated acids (23, 25). The predominant isoprenoid quinones are unsaturated, dihydrogenated, and tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units , and MK-9(H4), respectively] (1,2,23,25,26,32); the tetrahydrogenation occurs at the sites of isoprene units I11 (the third unit from the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone moiety) and VIII [MK-9(III,VIII-H4)] (4, 25). Phosphatidylethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phospholipids are present as diagnostic polar lipids (phospholipid type PIV of Lechevalier et al. [27]). At present, these genera are distinguished by morphological features, including the existence of sporangia and the number of spores per sporangium or chain.We isolated eight actinomycete strains with unusual morphological features from ...

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