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The novel anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide PF1022Awas isolated from cultured mycelia of Mycelia Sterilia PF1022 (FERMBP-267 1). It showed strong anthelmintic activities against Ascaridia galli in chickens. The structure of PF1022Awas determined to be cycloby spectroscopic analyses and chemical studies.In the course of screening for new anthelmintic antibiotics using Ascaridia galli1] as a test organism, the new cyclodepsipeptide PF1022A was isolated from a mycelial cake of Mycelia Sterilia2) PF1022. This paper describes the producing strain, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure and biological activities of the cyclodepsipeptide. Producing OrganismThe strain PF1022 was isolated from a plant sample (Camelliajaponica) collected in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The strain grew abundantly with white fluffy hyphae covering all over the Petri dish (> 85 mm) at 25°C in 7 days on the following four media; potato glucose agar, potato carrot agar, malt extract agar and oatmeal agar. The reverse side of the colony was initially white to light yellow. Soluble pigment formation was insignificant. The organism did not grow at 37°C. Anyparticular morphology such as conidia formation was not observed on various media after incubation at 25°C for 2 months. Therefore, we tentatively assigned strain PF1022 to Mycelia Sterilia2) (order Agonomycetales), until morphological characteristics become evident. The strain has been deposited in the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, which an accession number of FERM BP-2671. Fermentation Strain PF1022 on agar slant was inoculated into a 100-ml Erlenmeyer flask that contained 20ml of a seed medium consisting of 1.0% starch, 1.0% glucose, 0.5% cotton seed meal, 0.5% wheat germ, 0.5% soybean meal, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% MgSO4-7H2O, 0.2% CaCO3, 0.2% NaCl and tap water (pH 7.0). The inoculated flask was shaken on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 26°C for 7 days. Four milliliters of the first seed culture was transferred into 80ml of the same mediumin a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask. After shaking at 26°C for 2 days, the second seed culture was added to a 50-literjar fermenter containing 35 liters of the following production medium; 3.0% maltose syrup, 1.0% soybean oil, 0.8% wheat germ, 1.0% soybean meal, 1.0% dry yeast, 0.3% CaCO3, 0.2% MgSO4-7H2O and 0.2% NaCl in tap water (pH 7.0 before sterilization). Fermentation was carried out at 26°C for 5 days with an air-flow rate of 20 liters per minute and an agitation of 250 rpm initially and then 400 rpm after 65 hours.

Three new antibiotics SF2738A,B and C, and their analogs were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. The antibiotics are active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and exhibited cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values of 0.08, 0.25 and 7.5 /ig/ml, respectively. Their structures were determined by spectral analyses and chemical conversion. Especially, the structure of SF2738Awas confirmed to be (£)-((4-methoxy-5-methylthio-2-(2-pyridyl)pyridin-6-yl)methylene)azanol by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

A new benzoxazole, UK-1 , was isolated from the mycelial cake of an actinomycete strain 5 17-02. Based on morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics, strain 517-02 was seemed to be a close relative of Streptomyces morookaense. UK-1showedpotent cytotoxic activity against B16, HeLa and P388 cells and did not show any antimicrobial activity.

Eight actinomycete strains originally isolated from soil and plant samples were studied to determine their taxonomic status. All isolates produced branching substrate mycelia, but no distinct aerial hyphae. Relatively short chains of nonmotile spores (10 to 30 spores per chain) were borne on the tips of sporophores arising directly from the agar surface. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates, with the exception of the menaquinone profile, coincided with those of members of the family Streptuspurangiaceae Goodfellow, Stanton, Simpson, and Minnikin 1990. Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis performed with 5s rRNA support the conclusion that the isolates should be classified in this family. The isolates differed from members of the constituent genera of the Streptusporangzhceue in morphological characteristics and menaquinone composition. Therefore, we propose a new genus for the strains, Herbidospora. The type species and type strain are Herbiduspuru cretacea sp. nov. and strain K-319 (= JCM 8553), respectively.The tentative name "maduromycete group" was used by Goodfellow and Cross in 1984 (12) for the chemotaxonomically defined actinomycete group which has cell wall type I11 and whole-cell sugar pattern B of Lechevalier and Lechevalier (28). At that time, this group included the genera Actinomadura , Microbispora , Microtetraspora , Planobispora , Planomonospora , Spirillospora , and Streptosporangtum. Subsequently, the genera Actinomadura and Spirillospora were eliminated from this group (11) on the basis of cellular lipid profiles (1, 2, 23, 29) and phylogenetic relationships (9). In 1990, the family Streptosporangiaceae was proposed by Goodfellow et al. (13) for the redefined maduromycete group. The taxonomic properties of the genera in this family are similar to each other. These organisms are characterized by the following common features. Substrate and aerial mycelia are well developed and branched. Spore chains or sporangia are formed on the tips of sporophores branching from the aerial hyphae. meso-Diaminopimelic acid is present in the cell walls, but glycine is not (wall chemotype 111). The N-acyl type of muramic acid in the cell walls is an acetyl type (21). The cellular fatty acids consist of straight, iso-branched, and 10-methylated acids (23, 25). The predominant isoprenoid quinones are unsaturated, dihydrogenated, and tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units , and MK-9(H4), respectively] (1,2,23,25,26,32); the tetrahydrogenation occurs at the sites of isoprene units I11 (the third unit from the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone moiety) and VIII [MK-9(III,VIII-H4)] (4, 25). Phosphatidylethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phospholipids are present as diagnostic polar lipids (phospholipid type PIV of Lechevalier et al. [27]). At present, these genera are distinguished by morphological features, including the existence of sporangia and the number of spores per sporangium or chain.We isolated eight actinomycete strains with unusual morphological features from ...