Topical eye drop is the convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, particularly for the treatment of anterior part diseases. Transport of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is limited by various precorneal, active and stationary ocular barriers. The aim of developed, optimized and evaluated ion sensitive brimonidine tartrate in situ gel is patient compliance and maximum therapeutic activity in   the treatment of glaucoma. The effect of independent variables that are polymer concentration on dependent variables like the percent drug release, gelling time and viscosity was studied. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for ex-vivo study and histopathology study. Experimental study showed that optimized in situ gel formulation (F6) showed in vitro, ex vivo sustained release with polymer sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M. The optimized formulation F6 presented increased retention time upto 8 hours. The developed in situ gel can be a promising ophthalmic formulation to increase retention time of formulation and hence it will reduce the intra ocular pressure. The histopathology studies reveals the safety of prepared formulation. The stability studies revealed no significant change in the drug content and physical properties.

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A biosensor provides a strategy for the detection of microbiological signals through various chemical, biological and physical technology and is an analytical, high-sensitivity rapid tool in pharmaceutical and health care applications. For the detection of biomolecules and micro-organisms, they use biological sensing elements. The use of these devices is becoming increasingly important in the fields of drug discovery, food protection, defence, pharmaceuticals and safety. With the advance of biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescent tags, sensitive limits for biosensors are increased. Peptide array, nucleotides, molecules printed polymers, or aptamers have also been developed to create innovative biosensors. More precise and adaptive bio-sensors with high regenerative potential have been developed by other approaches. Nanomaterial, polymers, aptamers are produced with a wide variety of biosensors. It is vital to design biosensors using different approaches to further explore their useful applications. In light of this, this analysis will give an overview of several biomedical and environmental sensors, including fluorescence labelling, Nanomaterials, electrochemical, silicon and quartz, as well as possible prospects for biosensor technology. In addition, this analysis is designed for the analysis. The work of biosensors, concepts, shapes and applications is discussed as further useful information in this study.

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Generally, it is said that the lymph node plays very important role in the cancer immunotherapy. So, delivering immunomodulating compounds to lymph node can be useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In case of this lymph node drug delivery system, lipid nanoparticles are widely used. High amount of drugs, nucleic acids and various other compounds can easily load in lipid nanoparticle, and they are easy to be manufacture on industrial scale also. In this review, we have focused on the potential of lipid nanoparticle technology to aim lymph nodes. However, there are many factors that control the delivery of drugs to lymphatics. Before the lymphatic detection, lipid nanoformulations are necessary to go through interstitial hindrance which alters delivery of them. So, the distribution and detection of lipid nanoformulations by means of lymphatic system depend on charge present on nanoparticles, hydrophobicity, particle size and molecular weight, form & type of lipid and emulsifier concentrations are as well significant factors disturbing the delivery of drugs in the lymphatic system.