The economic and nutritional value of palm oil has made its utilization to be on the increase especially in Nigeria, thereby making it expensive, hence the temptation to adulterate it by bulk buyers with the wrong assertion of retaining the quality. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the effect of adulterated palm oil on the activity of liver enzymes and non-liver enzymes markers of albino rats. Twenty rats divided into five groups of four rats each were used for this investigation for fourteen (14) days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Biochemical indices of liver enzymes makers and non-liver markers were determined. Liver enzymes ALP and ALT concentrations showed significant increase (p<0.05) when compared with group 1 and 2, also non-liver markers albumin, conjugated and total bilirubin showed significant increase (p<0.05) when compared to group 1 and 2. Histopathological examination showed mild inflammation of the liver for group 3, while histological features for groups (4 & 5) administered with higher dosage showed intense periportal and intraparenchymal inflammations. A compromise in liver function in rats administered with adulterated palm oil was observed.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of selected plants on haematological parameters of DMBA induced breast cancer of albino rats. Sixty-three female albino rats were used for the study and they were grouped into nine groups of seven animals each. Group I (control) was fed with normal feed. Groups II to IX, were orally administered 20mg DMBA/kg to induce tumour. Group II was untreated; Group III was treated with tamoxifen(6.6mg/kg). Groups IV-IX were treated with 500mg/kg Sorghum vulgare, 1000mg/kg Sorghum vulgare, 500mg/kg Eremomastax polysperma; 1000mg/kg Eremomastax polysperma, 500mg/kg Brillantaisia owariensis and 1000mg/kg Brillantaisia owariensis respectively. Treatment with the different aqueous concentrate demonstrated significant increase (p≤ 0.05) of haemoglobin, and packed cell volume levels of the treated groups when compared to the DMBA group. There was a decrease in Neutrophil, N/L, P/L and platelets level in the treated groups when compared to the DMBA group (though not significant, p≤ 0.05). The present study reveals that the plants might be able to reduce anaemia posed as a result of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is an abnormal cell growth of the breast tissue and upon metastasis affects other organs of the body such as the liver, bones and lungs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Sorghum vulgare leafsheath, Eremomastax polysperma and Brillantaisia owariensis leaves on the liver, bone and kidney markers of 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated albino-rats. Sixty-three female albino rats weighing 120-250g, were used for the study for a period of 15 weeks. The animals were grouped into nine groups of seven animals each. Group I (control) was fed with normal feed. Groups II to IX, were orally administered 20mg DMBA/kg to induce breast cancer. Group II was untreated; Group III was treated with tamoxifen (6.6mg/kg). Groups IV-IX were treated with 500mg/kg Sorghum vulgare, 1000mg/kg Sorghum vulgare, 500mg/kg Eremomastax polysperma; 1000mg/kg Eremomastax polysperma, 500mg/kg Brillantaisia owariensis and 1000mg/kg Brillantaisia owariensis respectively. Treatment with the various extract showed significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) of total bilirubin, calcium and urea concentration, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities when compared to DMBA-untreated group. Albumin concentration of the treated groups was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than the DMBA-untreated animals. Gamma glutamyl transferase and acid phosphatase activities, uric acid, electrolytes and total protein concentration showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) between the treated groups and the DMBA-induced animals. The present study demonstrates that the extract of the plants was able to reduce any burden posed on the liver by DMBA-induced breast cancer.