Bovine mastitis constitutes an economic and serious problem in dairy industry worldwide. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Menoufiya governorate, Egypt. A total of 530 mastitic samples (280 clinical and 250 subclinical) were collected and subjected to bacteriological examination. The result revealed that prevalence rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 52.83% and 47.16%, while S. aureus prevalence rate was 28.57% and 24.4% in clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. Out of 157 staphylococci isolates on MSA medium, 141(89.9%) were identified as S. aureus isolates through biochemical activities and confirmed by amplifying of nuc gene at 279 bp. All S. aureus isolates confirmed by nuc gene (141 isolates) were tested for antibiogram profile against some β-lactams antibiotics (oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) that recorded high resistance against these antibiotics. Out of 141 isolates, 128 (90.78%) were confirmed as MRSA strains based on phenotypic resistance to oxacillin and confirmed by molecular detection of the mecA gene at 310 bp. In conclusion, these results showed the significance of continuous surveillance of antibiogram pattern of S. aureus isolates of mastitis origin to design effective control measures for S. aureus mastitis.

Pasteurella multocida is the common cause of Duck septicemia (Pasteurellosis) which affects ducks leading to high economic losses to duck producers. Pasteurella multocida infections are associated with severe, life-threatening systemic disease involving both hemorrhagic pneumonia and septicemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 samples collected from different breeds of ducks (Mallard, Muscovy and Baladi) from Minufiya governorate, Egypt. Only 16 cases were positive for Pasteurella multocida infection (7.3%). These isolates were confirmed microscopically, biochemically and rapidly by using Vitek2 compact system. The application of PMT-ELISA and mouse lethality test for the 16 isolates of P.multocida serotypes for differentiation between toxigenic and non toxigenic isolates. All tested of 16 isolates showed to be toxigenic by using PMT-ELISA and mouse lethality test. The application of PCR and multiplex PCR for the detection of tox A gene and capsular serotyping of toxigenic isolates of P.multocida respectively. All 16 P.multocida isolates were positive to tox A and capsular type A (100%). This study concluded that P. multocida serve as a major cause of Duck septicemia (Pasteurellosis) which affects ducks leading to high economic losses in poultry industry. Also indicated that the majority of P. multocida serotypes are toxigenic.

The emergence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolated from animal and animal products become the main wary of food safety and public health authorities worldwide. The present study was undertaken to recognize the most important serovars and the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of E. coli isolated from animals and animal products. Results showed that out of the 300 examined samples (75 cows mastitic milk, 77 buffalo's mastitic milk, 40 cattle meat, 43 buffaloes meat and 65 chicken meat), 60 isolates (20 %) were confirmed as E. coli based on cultural characteristic and biochemical identification. These isolates were further identified serologically, the obtained isolates were categorized as O26:H11 (4/22, 18%), O91:H21 (3/22, 13.6%), O111:H2 (2/22, 9%), O146:H21 (2/22, 9%), O1:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O55:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O119:H6 (1/22, 4.5%), O121:H7 (1/22, 4.5%), O78 (2/22, 9%), O125: H21 (2/22, 9%), O128 : H2 (1/22, 4.5%), O159 (1/22, 4.5%), and O44:H18 (1/22, 4.5%). The isolates were further tested for antimicrobial resistance against 14 commercial antibiotics. The obtained results showed that the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin (22/22, 100٪), Streptomycin (21/22, 95.5٪), Nalidixic acid (17/22, 80٪), Clindamycin (14/22, 63.6٪) and Sulphamethozole (11/22, 50٪). Lower resistance rate was observed in case of Cephalothin (9/22, 40.9٪), Tetracycline (7/22, 31.8٪), Ampicillin (6/22, 27.3٪), Colistin (5/22, 22.7٪), Ciprofloxacin (5/22, 22.7٪), Amikacin (4/22, 18.2٪), Levofloxacin (2/22, 9.1٪), Gentamycin (2/22, 9.1٪) and Meropenem was (1/22, 4.5٪). In conclusion, there a wide variation in E. coli serogroups isolated from different animals and animal products. These serogroups exhibited a high multidrug resistance index against the commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, regular monitoring of the potential sources of human infection with E. coli will help establish accurate preventive and curative measures.

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Helicobacter infection is a major public health issue worldwide, about 4.4 billion individuals worldwide were confirmed to be infected. Helicobacter is a human pathogen that is transmitted from human to human and has a zoonotic relationship. Helicobacter gastritis, peptic ulcer, and perforation may lead to cancer. This study aims to try to isolate the Helicobacters from gastric biopsies and autopsies in human patients and animals (dogs and cats). Methodology:105 gastric biopsies were collected from dyspeptic patients and 5 gastric autopsies were collected from dogs and cats. The samples were cultivated and characterized by microbiological and molecular tools (PCR). Results:The results showed few harvested isolates (n=22) after characterization the confirmed Helicobacter isolates were 10 only from humans and animals. Conclusion:The conclusion is the microbiological method is so costive, timeconsuming, and less sensitive. The presence of accurate and rapid tests is so crucial for specific and sensitive detection of Helicobacters.