We demonstrate the power profile estimation over a deployed 10,000-km submarine link using digital processing at the receiver. We experimentally show that we estimate span lengths with 0.49km uncertainty and locate multiple power losses.

We characterized the G-SNR and the OSNR of an SDM-compatible submarine optical cable with different modulation formats and symbol rates up to 101 GBd, observing good agreement between all G-SNR measurements.

We analyze more than 100 subsea experiments with various configurations of rates, modulations, powers, reach and show a format and rate agnostic, accurate QoT prediction tool. We particularly show the impact of signal droop and the connection between GAWBS models based on spectral measurements and system impact.

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We experimentally assessed that total net throughput of submarine cables can be predicted from G-SNR measurements with inaccuracy <3% when the system is operated close or below the nonlinear threshold using probabilistic constellation shaping modulation formats. © 2022 The Author(s)