Article (refereed) -postprintTipping, E.; Benham, S.; Boyle, J.F.; Crow, P.; Davies, J.; Fischer, U.; Guyatt, H.; Helliwell, R.; Jackson-Blake, L.; Lawlor, A.J.; Monteith, D.T.; Rowe, E.C.; Toberman, H. 2014. Atmospheric deposition of phosphorus to land and freshwater. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, 16 (7). 1608-1617. 10.1039/c3em00641g Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. Oceania, and South-Central America. The deposition rates are log-normally distributed, 30 and for the whole data set the geometric mean deposition rates are 0.027, 0.019 and 31 0.14 g m -2 a -1 for TP, FTP and PO 4 -P respectively. At smaller scales there is little 32 systematic spatial variation, except for high deposition rates at some sites in Germany, 33 likely due to local agricultural sources. In cases for which PO 4 -P was determined as well 34 as one of the other forms of P, strong parallels between logarithmic values were found. 35Based on the directly-measured deposition rates to land, and published estimates of P 36 deposition to the oceans, we estimate a total annual transfer of P to and from the 37 atmosphere of 3.7 Tg. However, much of the phosphorus in larger particles (principally 38 primary biological aerosol particles) is probably redeposited near to its origin, so that 39 long-range transport, important for tropical forests, large areas of peatland and the 40 oceans, mainly involves fine dust from deserts and soils, as described by the simulations 41of Mahowald et al. (Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22, GB4026, 2008). We suggest that 42 local release to the atmosphere and subsequent deposition bring about a pseudo-43 diffusive redistribution of P in the landscape, with P-poor ecosystems, for example 44 ombrotrophic peatlands and oligotrophic lakes, gaining at the expense of P-rich ones. 45Simple calculations suggest that atmospheric transport could bring about significant local 46 redistribution of P among terrestrial ecosystems.Although most atmospherically 47 transported P is natural in origin, local transfers from fertilised farmland to P-poor 48 ecosystems may be significant, and this requires further research. 49 50

. 2012 High-frequency water quality time series in precipitation and streamflow: from fragmentary signals to scientific challenge. Science of the Total Environment, 434. 3-12. 10.1016Environment, 434. 3-12. 10. /j.scitotenv.2011 Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. This scientific briefing announces the availability of a new multi-element high-frequency water quality data set that is openly accessible to the research community. The data set comprises up to two years of seven-hourly water quality data for two streams and one rainfall site in the Upper Severn catchment at Plynlimon in mid-Wales. The measurements cover 50 analytes ranging from H + to U and spanning six orders of magnitude in concentration, including major, minor, and trace elements as well as nutrients, and they complement decades of weekly measurements of the same analytes at the Upper Severn. Together they provide a unique data set for studying both long-term trends and short-term dynamics. Archives and metadata for both the seven-hourly and weekly measurements accompany this scientific briefing as supplementary online information. The data show complex behaviour over a wide range of timescales, challenging our understanding of catchment processes and informing future modelling efforts.

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