Achieving the Paris Agreement's near-term goals (nationally determined contributions, or NDCs) and longterm temperature targets could result in pre-mature retirement, or stranding, of carbon-intensive assets before the end of their useful lifetime. We use an integrated assessment model to quantify the implications of the Paris Agreement for stranded assets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a developing region with the least carbon-intensive power sector in the world. We find that meeting the Paris goals results in stranding of $37-90 billion and investment of $1.9-2.6 trillion worth of power sector capital (2021-2050) across a range of future scenarios. Strengthening the NDCs could reduce stranding costs by 27%-40%. Additionally, while politically shielding power plants from pre-mature retirement or increasing the role of other sectors (e.g. land-use) could also reduce power sector stranding, such actions could make mitigation more expensive and negatively impact society. For example, we find that avoiding stranded assets in the power sector increases food prices 13%, suggesting implications for food security in LAC. Our analysis demonstrates that climate goals are relevant for investment decisions even in developing countries with low emissions.

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The transition to a sustainable bio‐based economy is perceived as a valid path towards low‐carbon development for emerging economies that have rich biomass resources. In the case of Colombia, the role of biomass has been tackled through qualitative roadmaps and regional climate policy assessments. However, neither of these approaches has addressed the complexity of the bio‐based economy systematically in the wider context of emission mitigation and energy and chemicals supply. In response to this limitation, we extended a bottom‐up energy system optimization model by adding a comprehensive database of novel bio‐based value chains. We included advanced road and aviation biofuels, (bio)chemicals, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and integrated biorefinery configurations. A scenario analysis was conducted for the period 2015–2050, which reflected uncertainties in the capacity for technological learning, climate policy ambitions, and land availability for energy crops. Our results indicate that biomass can play an important, even if variable, role in supplying 315–760 PJ/y of modern bio‐based products. In pursuit of a deep decarbonization trajectory, the large‐scale mobilization of biomass resources can reduce the cost of the energy system by up to 11 billion $/year, the marginal abatement cost by 62%, and the potential reliance on imports of oil and chemicals in the future. The mitigation potential of BECCS can reach 24–29% of the cumulative avoided emissions between 2015 and 2050. The proposed system analysis framework can provide detailed quantitative information on the role of biomass in low carbon development of emerging economies. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

RESUMEN Las relaciones existents entre el murciélago Glossophaga longirosh y las cactáceas columnares heron estudiadas en la zona árida interandina de La Tatacoa, Huila, Colombia. Por medio de capturas mensuales entre agosto de 1993 y julio de 1994 se determinó la dieta y el pacrón reproductivo del murciélago. Los resultados indicaron que G. longirostris consumió polen (53%) de cactáceas y de Helicteris baruensis (Sterculiaceae) y frutos (41%) de la cactácea columnar Stenocereus griseus y en menor cantidad los de Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) y Pilosocereus sp. (Cactaceae). El polen apareció en las heces y pelaje de G. longirostris durante todo el año, siendo más fiecuente en los meses secos. Las semillas aparecieron en las muestras fecales en las dos épocas lluviosas. Estas variaciones estacionales en la dieta eSNvierOn correlacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos en el área y no parecen reflejar una preferencia de alimento por pane de G. longirostris. Este glosofigno presentó dos picos reproductivos. Los picos de lactancia coincidieron con las dos épocas de lluvias y con la mayor oferta de frutos de S. griseus. Estas observaciones no fueron consistentes con las relaciones encontradas entre la disponibilidad de recursos de tra especies de cactáceas (S. Griseus, Subpilocereus repandus y Pilosocereus tillianus) y el patrón reproductivo de este murciélago en la zona árida interandina de Lagunillas, Mérida, Venezuela. Las diferencias encontradas en la dieta y los períodos reproductivos de las dos poblaciones de G. longirostris, pueden ser un reflejo de diferencias en la distribución temporal y spacial de las fuentes de alimento. El grado de interacción entre G. longirostris y las cactáceas columnares, especialmente con S. grieus, parece ser muy estrecho. ABSTRACT Mutualistic relations between the bat Glossophaga longirostris and columnar cacti were studied in the Andean arid region of La Tatacoa, Huila, Colombia By means of monthly censuses between August 1993 and July 1994, the diet and reproductive pattern of this bat species was determined. This bat consumed pollen (53%) of cacti and of Helicteris baruensis (Sterculiaceae) and fruits (41%) of the columnar cactus Stenocereus griseus and, in lower quantities, of Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) and Pilosocereus sp. (Cactaceae). Pollen appeared in feces and/or pelage of G. longirostris throughout the year, beiig more frequent during the dry season. Seeds appeared in the feces during the rainy season. The seasonal variations in diet were correlated with the availability of resources in the area and do not appear to reflect a dietary preference on the part of G. longirostris. This bat had two reproductive periods. The presence of lactating females coincided with the two rainy seasons and the months of highest fruit production of S. griseus. These results are not consistent with those reported for the Andean arid region of Lagunillas, Merida, Venezuela. In that region, G. longirostris depends for its diet and reproduction on three columnar cactus species ...

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