Oncologists nowadays are faced with big amount of heterogeneous medical data of diagnostic studies. Possible errors in determining the nature and extent of spread the tumor process will inevitably reduce the effectiveness of treatment and increase the unnecessary costs to it. To reduce the burden on clinicians, various computer-aided solutions based on machine learning algorithms are being developed. We made an attempt to evaluate effectiveness of thirteen machine learning algorithms in the tasks of classification of pathologic tissue samples in cancerous thorax based on gene expression levels. For a preliminary study we used open data set of molecular genetics composition of lung adenocarcinoma and pleural mesothelioma. Effectiveness of machine learning algorithms was evaluated by Matthews correlation coefficient and Area Under ROC Curve. Best results were showed by two methods: Bayesian logistic regression and Discriminative Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier. Nevertheless, all of the methods were effective at automatic discrimination of two types of cancer. That proves machine learning algorithms are applicable in lung cancer classification. In the future studies it will be carried out a similar analysis of the diagnostic value of methods for other malignancies with more complex differential morphological diagnosis. Similar methods can be applied to other diagnostic studies including computerized tomography image analysis in the differential diagnosis of lung nodules.

Cancer screening literature was discussed in this review publication. Broad spectrum of studies was used to make conclusion about effectiveness of screening methods in reaching its major objectives, perspective of screening methods for several cancer types were also discussed. Qualitative assessment of studies was done. Cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening was proved to be effective. Effectiveness of prostate and lung cancer screening as well as population-based stomach cancer prevention is also discussed. Negative and inconclusive results of screening studies of the other cancer types were also mentioned and perspectives for future diagnostics option for cancer screening were given.

A comparative statistical study of the results of eight independent experiments on the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been performed. The regiments of cathether intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CIPC), normothermic and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (NIPEC and HIPEC) with antitumor drug dioxadet were investigated in 288 female Wistar rats with ascitic ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer was transplanted intra-peritoneally (i.p.) 48 hours prior to a single chemotherapy at a number of 1*107 tumor cells. Dioxadet was administered at the maximum tolerated doses: CIPC - via syringe - 1.5 mg/kg body weight; NIPEC (36,5-37,5°С) and HIPEC (40,5-41,5°С) - infused for a continuous circulation using an experimental setting - at respective doses 30 and 15 mg/kg body weight. The rats in the control groups were administered in the same manner with physiological saline solution. The antitumor effects of the treatment were estimated as an increase in survival time. The statistical analysis was based on the principles of harmonization of statistical evidence and predictions. The mean survival time in the control group without treatment (i.p. saline injection) was 15 days with 95% confidence interval (CI) from 12 to 19 days. IPC, NIPEC and HIPEC increased mean survival time by 85, 97 and 202% (p

Materials and methods. The effect of melatonin (MLT) and metformin (MTF) on the efficacy of neoadjuvant hormone therapy with toremifene was investigated in 54 patients with estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced breast cancer (ER + BC). The average age of women was 67 years. The patients had no diabetes mellitus. The first group of patients (n = 19) received toremifene 120 mg per day, the second group (n = 16) - toremifene in combination with MLT 3 mg orally every night, the third group (n = 19) - toremifene in combination with MTF 850 mg twice daily. Randomization was performed - 1: 1: 1. The duration of therapy in all study groups was 4 months. After the end of treatment, all patients were undergone surgery. Further adjuvant treatment depended on the results of the postoperative pathomorphological conclusion. The primary endpoint was a decrease in the Ki-67% level (a surrogate marker for the effectiveness of hormone therapy), the secondary endpoints were the objective response, a pathological response in the tumor and lymph nodes, and the quality of life. Results. In all patients (n = 54), the frequency of decrease Ki-67 level and the frequency of objective response were 57% and 50%, respectively. At the same time, the incidence of Ki-67% level decrease in the «toremifene» group was 42%, in the «toremifene+MLT» group - 56%, in the «toremifene+MTF» group - 74%. Multifactor analysis showed that the addition of MTF to toremifene increases the chances of reducing Ki-67 compared with control 4.2 times (RR 4.23 [95% CI 1,04417,139], p = 0.043). It is important that only in the patients of the «toremifene+MTF» group a significant correlation was found between the Ki-67 index decrease in the tumor and the BMI value above the norm (p = 0.015). A complete pathomorphological response in the tumor and lymph nodes was not achieved in any patient. The objective response in the study groups was 31.6%, 86.7% and 47.3%, respectively. The addition of MLT to hormone therapy with toremifene significantly increased the frequency of the objective response from 31.6% to 86.7% (x2 = 10.32, p = 0.001). The inclusion into neoadjuvant hormone therapy with toremifene of MLT or MTF did not reduce the quality of life of patients, while in 50% of patients in the «toremifene+MLT» group there was an improvement in sleep.

e23167 Background: In 2018, in the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, there was conducted a study of the effectiveness of a mental and social adaptation of patients to the disease and treatment in the framework of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: The patients with breast cancer (n = 28, mean age 31 ±7) were examined at the stages of diagnosis and admission to the hospital. The basis of the study is the «Narcissism Evaluation Test», EORTC QLQ-C30, as well as the following ICF domains: Body function - global psychosocial functions (b122), temperament and personality functions (b126), energy and drive functions (b130), sleep functions (b134), attention functions (b140), psychomotor functions (b147), emotional functions (b152), thought functions (b160), higher-level cognitive functions (b164). Activity and participation- doing housework (d640), family relationships (d760), intimate relationships (d770), acquiring, keeping and terminating a job (d845). Results: The increase in values (7.26–13.61; p < 0.05) on the “Depersonalization” scale indicates an attempt to dissociate from threatening processes in oneself by means of dissociation and splitting, to preserve the coherence of the personality structure. This tendency can be viewed as an attempt by the patient to deny that destabilization affects his personality and lifestyle, which leads to the experience of melancholia as an attempt at destruction of Self-Concept. Such reactions are classified by us within the framework of psychogenic, i.e. conditionally normal in the situation of cancer, however, it was shown that the pathology of “psychogeny” significantly reduces the quality of life and social adaptation. For example, in 11 patients, there is a decrease in the quality of life (62.85; p < 0.05), disturbed sleep, emotions, energy and drive functions (b134, b152, b130), and there are difficulties in the resumption of labor activities (d845). Conclusions: Experiencing the threat to the integrity of Self-Concept launches psychological defenses, as a result of which a rapid regression of Self-Concept occurs before the primary narcissism. Psychogenic reactions during pathologization contribute to the patient’s social and mental maladjustment.