A contribution to the study of crystalluria: significance in the diagnosis of metabolic and renal diseases ABSTRACT The study of crystalluria is of great importance for the detection of substances of endogenous or exogenous origin that are present inthe urine, to a greater or lesser extent. Urinary sediment crystals can provide valuable answers for the assessment of therapeutic efficacy, as well as congenital and/or acquired pathophysiological conditions. The nature of the observed crystals informs the clinician of the biochemical irregularity of the urine. Crystalluria is of clinical significance only if it has been studied under good test conditions (sample selection, time and storage conditions). Crystalluria interpretations are performed on the basis of the urinary pH determined with statistically significant reliability. When studying crystalluria by light microscopy, it is necessary to provide light polarization or bidirectional illuminationin order to reduce the risk of diagnostic error. Keywords:Urine pH, crystalline precipitation, promoters and inhibitors of crystalluria NTRODUCTIONCrystalluria implies the presence of crystals in the urine and appears due to the over-saturation of certain electrolytes and/or certain substances, which are most often caused by metabolic disorders, hereditary diseases or drugs.

Cytological analysis of urine sediment is an integral part of urine analysis and a useful, cost-effective diagnostic tool for all routine clinical examinations, which can sometimes be overlooked in veterinary practice. Proper handling and timely urine sample analysis are essential for valid microscopic analysis. Microscopic urinary sediment testing is usually carried out with stained or unstained specimen. A common urine may contain a small number of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes, epithelial cells) of several crystals, spermatozoids (male animals). In contrast, a large number of cells or casts, the presence of unusual types of crystals, neoplastic cells, parasites, and microorganisms refer to abnormal findings and thus require a specialized diagnostic approach. Correct identification of organic components of the urinary sediment are crucial for accurate and timely diagnosis of kidney disorders. Laboratory experts should be trained to properly identify and classify organic components of the urinary tract.

UDK 639.1.057(497.6) U ovom radu prikazana je metodologija kao i glavni rezultati istraživanja koje je proveo Šumarski fakultet Univerzitetaa u Sarajevu tokom 2003. i 2004. godine među lovačkim organizacijama Srednjobosanskog kantona. Cilj rada je prikazati evoluciju broja lovaca prije i poslije rata te njihovu socio-ekonomsku strukturu, obrazovanje i motive za bavljenje lovom u današnjim uslovima.