The study raises an urgent and important problem of the climate change. The research area is the Rostov region of the Russian Federation. The paper considers the features of the change of the climatic conditions of the region and assesses the consequences. The dynamics of the average monthly temperature in January and July in Rostov-on-Don, as well as its average annual precipitation from 1970 to 2019, is analyzed. The research is based on the weather chronicle of the Rostov region. Over the past 60 years, there had been a steady increase in the average monthly temperatures. The work also considers the issue of desertification processes in the study area, its impact on human life activity.

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The paper describes the information-measuring system to assess the eutrophication extent of a water body using the example of the Gulf of Taganrog of the Sea of Azov. This system allows a comprehensive assessment of the eutrophication of the reservoir and its biogenic load. In particular, it includes information capturing by various sensors, system analysis using a variety of devices and technical means, the solution of the most important tasks of environmental monitoring in this field of knowledge and the eutrophic status of the water area forecasting.

Eutrophication of waters is a complex problem that is widespread all over the world. These process especially intensified during the last century because of the human activity which lead to the anthropogenic transformation of water reservoirs. The object of the study – the Gulf of Taganrog of the Sea of Azov – also subject to the processes of waters eutrophication. So the research evaluates the Gulf ecosystem from the standpoint of eutrophication. The method of such assessment was developed. It includes the regression analysis and mathematical modelling. The study showed the change in the type of eutrophication of a water body from the mehotrophic type to the eutrophic one; the estimation of the inflow of the concentrations of ammonium ion, nitrate and phosphate into the waters of the Gulf showed the sources that influence this income mostly; the natural load influences the ecosystem most.

The research raise the question of the need to analyse and model the processes associated with the emission of the emergency-chemical hazardous substance (ECHS) in the urban environment. Because the assessment of the environmental pollution, the early and prompt prediction of the scale of contamination in the event of releases is the potent poisonous substance (PPS) into the environment in case of accidents (destructions) at chemically hazardous facilities remains an urgent issue. We emphasize that in order to ensure the life of any settlement, there is a need for the availability of drinking water that meets sanitary standards and hygienic rules. Chlorination is traditionally used in most of the country's settlements. To take timely measures to eliminate accidents with the emission of chlorine, the most accurate results of calculating the main indicators are necessary, such as the depth of the zone of contamination of PPS, the amount of the poisonous substance in primary and secondary clouds, the area of contamination, etc. The method of calculating these indicators is based on the use of reference tables and the coefficient method, which are convenient enough for the manual method. However, in emergencies, when serious threats to the life and health of people arise, and the situation can deteriorate rapidly, there is an acute shortage of time for a general assessment of the situation, making decisions on the organization of the rescue measures. It is obvious that the staff simply will not have enough time for scrupulous calculations, and a stressful situation, in addition, with a high degree of probability will provoke serious errors and inaccuracies.