The hemodialysis patient undergoes numerous changes in diet. Food has an influence on the prognosis of renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and socioeconomic factors can determine food choice and adherence to treatment. From then on, the objective was to evaluate the socioeconomic conditions and food consumption of patients on chronic hemodialysis in the city of Patos, Paraíba. This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 29 adult patients, with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, attended at the hemodialysis center. The patients 'dietary and socioeconomic parameters were assessed using a questionnaire that was answered through individual interviews during the hemodialysis session and the assessment of existing comorbidities was defined after analysis of the patients' medical records. The results obtained showed that these were patients with a compromised socioeconomic profile, who had access to basic guidelines on food, due to the monitoring at the service, however, most of them had meals outside the home, which often made their choices impossible, as well as the limitation caused by the factor. Their nutritional status is strongly correlated with the existing pathology and the psychoemotional state.

Chronic hemodialysis patients have a nutritional deficit and an inflammatory state that contribute exponentially to the morbidity and mortality of these patients. From then on, the objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with flaxseed oil on the nutritional and inflammatory status of patients on chronic hemodialysis in the city of Patos, Paraíba. The research is a prospective longitudinal study, of an interventional clinical type, involving 28 adult patients of both genders undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (GE), received mineral oil and flaxseed oil, respectively, both in the proportion of 5 mL daily for the period of 60 days. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. The results obtained showed that the values of lymphocytes, monocytes as well as potassium, ferritin, tranferrine, creatinine, previously increased, after supplementation with linseed oil, reached the values considered normal, for women. It is suggested an evaluation in larger quantities and for a longer time to evaluate results.