The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of kidney tumors recognizes multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) as a rare variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. Available information on its clinical significance is limited. The study cohort included 45 MCRCC cases classified according to 2004 WHO criteria obtained through a multi-institutional international search. Most patients had unilateral MCRCC with no side predominance that was found incidentally; 62% were men, but women had tumors at an earlier age (P = .385). MCRCC occurred slightly more often in men than in women (1.7:1). At diagnosis, 82% of patients had stage T1 and 16%, stage T2; 1 patient had stage T3. The Fuhrman grade was 1 (62%) or 2 (38%), with smaller tumors (

Objective To determine the effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring adiposity in a well-characterized cohort of Mexican American mother-child pairs. Study design This study included 62 Mexican American mothers and their index offspring. Maternal GDM and normal glucose status during index pregnancy were documented, and mothers were previously matched on age, BMI and parity. Mothers-child pairs were recruited when offspring were between the ages of 5 and 16 years. A medical history was collected and anthropometrics were measured. Main outcome measures were offspring body mass index (BMI), BMI z-scores, BMI percentiles and hip and waist circumferences. Results GDM exposed offspring (n=37) had greater measures of BMI (all p≤0.02) and greater waist and hip circumferences (both p=0.002) compared with 25 offspring of non-GDM mothers. Adjustment for offspring age, sex, Tanner Stage, birth weight, months of breastfeeding, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain attenuated the differences, but BMI z-score and BMI percentile remained significantly greater in the GDM exposed group (p<0.05). Conclusion Intrauterine exposure to GDM is associated with greater adiposity in Mexican American children, and this relationship is not mediated by maternal obesity. In contrast to prior reports, this study included only Mexican Americans, thus ethnic variations may influence the contributions of maternal GDM and maternal obesity to offspring adiposity.

ObjectiveExposure to high-calorie foods may promote overeating by stimulating brain reward pathways and appetite. Abdominal fat has particularly adverse metabolic consequences and may alter brain pathways that regulate feeding behavior. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to test the hypothesis that high-calorie food cues activate brain reward regions and increase appetite, and to examine relationships between abdominal fat and brain reward responsiveness in Hispanic women.Design and MethodsfMRI was performed while thirteen volunteers viewed twelve blocks of pictures of food and non-food items. Participants rated hunger and food desire after each block of pictures. Brain activation to high-calorie foods was determined by calculating a contrast of high-calorie food minus non-food images. Pearson’s correlations were used to test the relationship between brain reward activation and waist circumference.ResultsHigh-calorie food images activated brain reward regions (Z>2.3, p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons) and increased hunger (p=0.001), desire for sweet (p=0.012) and savory (p=0.009) foods. The striatal response to high-calorie foods positively correlated with waist circumference, independent of BMI (r=0.621, p=0.031).ConclusionsExposure to high-calorie food images activates brain reward pathways and increases appetitive drive in Hispanic females. Abdominal fat, independent of BMI, parallels striatal responsiveness to high-calorie food images.

Our findings suggest that a decrease in sialic acid in the saliva of diabetic animals can be related to xerostomia reported by diabetic patients. However, further clinical trials are needed to verify if the decrease in sialic acid also occurs in human saliva.

a b s t r a c tThis survey evaluated the presence of AFM 1 in human urine samples from a specific Brazilian population, as well as corn, peanut, and milk consumption measured by two types of food inquiry. Urine samples from donors who live in the city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil were analyzed to detect the presence of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), an aflatoxin B 1 metabolite, which may be used as aflatoxin B 1 exposure biomarker. The AFM 1 analysis was performed using immunoaffinity clean-up and detection by high-performance-liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. A total of 69 samples were analyzed and 45 of them (65%) presented contaminations P1.8 pg ml À1 , which was the limit of quantification (LOQ). Seventy eight percent (n = 54) of the samples presented detectable concentrations of AFM 1 (>0.6 pg ml À1 ). The AFM 1 concentration among samples above LOQ ranged from 1.8 to 39.9 pg ml À1 . There were differences in food consumption profile among donors, although no association was found between food consumption and AFM 1 concentration in urine. The high frequency of positive samples suggests exposure of the populations studied to aflatoxins.