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The role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the process of rehabilitation of degraded land is very important, including the handling of sand tailings. In the rehabilitation process, utilizing the AMF isolates from the tailings area will be easier to adapt to the habitat that will be rehabilitated. The purpose of this study was to determine AMF that associated with Brachiaria precumbens (Poaceae) derived from the tailings area in Timika, Papua, and its potential to the growth of maize (Zea mays). The methods used to determine the presence of AMF were a survey and wet sieving methods, while the calculation of percent colonization was done by slide method. The compatibility test and effectiveness of AMF inoculation on the maize growth were conducted by completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments: M0: control (without mycorrhiza); M1: Clariodeoglomus etunicatum BGR; M2: C. lamellosum L1A01S; M3: C. etunicatum L3A12D each with eight replications. The results showed that the presence of the AMF in the rhizosphere of B. precumbens was found in the tailings deposition area Modified Ajkwa Deposition Area (ModADA) of a gold mine in Timika. AMF percent colonization at the root reached 73.3%, while the number of spores in the rhizosphere was 8-25 per 10 g samples of soil and increased to reach an average of 49.6 spores per 10 g soil samples by trap methods. Based on the morphological identification, AMF found in the B. precumbens rhizosphere were identified as genus Glomus, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, and Claroideoglomus, whereas based on molecular identification, two isolates (L1A01S and L3A12D) were identified as C. lamellosum L1A01S and C. etunicatum L1A12D. The compatibility test showed that the AMF was able to increase the growth of maize, and significantly affected plant height, leaf area, and relative growth rate. C. lamellosum L1A01S derived from the tailings had a better effect than C. etunicatum L3A12D and C. etunicatum BGR.

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Abstract. Indigo leaves (Indigofera tinctoria L.) are utilized as a source of batik dye in Java and Madura islands, Indonesia. Batik makers from the islands collect indigo leaves from wild plants. Continuous collection of wild plants from their natural habitat may decrease their diversity. The present research was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of I. tinctoria L. from Java and Madura. 55 indigo accessions were collected from 10 locations in Java and Madura. The indigo DNA was extracted and amplified using 15 ISSR primers. A total of 123 bands showed 50-90% polymorphic loci. PCA and UPGMA were used to analyze the data. All indigo accessions were clustered into 4 groups at a 60% similarity coefficient: a group consisting of Madura accessions, a group consisting of East Java accessions, a group consisting of Central Java accessions, and a group consisting of West Java accessions. Accessions collected from the same or adjacent populations tended to show similar ISSR characteristics. The genetic diversity of indigo in Java and Madura islands is relatively high (%P = 68.3), but the diversity residing within each population is lower (37%) than that between populations (63%).