The objectives of this study are to find the percentage of depressive symptoms and the most appeared clinical manifestation of depressive symptoms. A total of 2016 patient with type 2 diabetes from M Djamil General Hospital had fulfilled the questionnaire we administered. Demographic and clinical data were determined from the patient's medical records. Depressive symptoms defined by The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) score of 16 or higher. CESD-R consisted of nine symptoms group and a 20-item questionnaire. These symptoms groups in patients with depressive symptoms will be counted. Patients with depressive symptoms were grouped based on a type of diabetic medication they consumed (diet only, oral antidiabetic, and insulin) and diabetic complication. From 2016 patients participated in this study, we found 235 (11.7%) patients were having depressive symptoms. The most appeared clinical manifestation in 235 patients with depressive symptoms is fatigue (88.08%), loss of interest (52.34%), sadness (41.7%), poor concentration (40.42%), and agitation (23.83%). There are more depressive symptoms in patients consuming oral antidiabetic drug than patients using insulin and diet only (70.2 vs. 28.1 vs 1.7%). More depressive symptoms are also found in patients with diabetic nephropathy than patients with diabetic neuropathy and heart disease (52.8 vs. 27.7 vs. 19.6%). These findings showed that there are many depressive symptoms in patients with T2DM, and some of most appeared clinical manifestation in depressive symptoms should be considered.

AbstrakAlergi makanan adalah gangguan kesehatan yang timbul akibat respon imun spesifik terhadap makanan. Prevalensi alergi makanan pada anak adalah 6%, sementara pada dewasa 3 -4%. Strategi pencegahan alergi makanan yang belum optimal menjadi salah satu penyebab insiden yang terus meningkat. Imunopatogenesis pada alergi makanan melibatkan reaksi antara alergen dengan antibodi yang dimediasi oleh immunoglobulin E, non-immunoglobulin E, atau kedua-duanya. Implikasi klinis alergi makanan pada dewasa bisa mengenai sistem gastrointestinal, kutaneus, respirasi, dan sistemik. Standar baku emas diagnosis alergi makanan adalah oral food challenge. Tatalaksana yang paling tepat adalah menghindari faktor pencetus. Terapi spesifik dan nonspesifik terhadap alergen dapat diberikan walaupun masih dalam perdebatan. AbstractFood allergy is a health disorder arising from a specific immune response to food. The prevalence of food allergies in children is 6%, while in adults 3 -4%. The strategy of preventing food allergies that has not been optimal is one of the causes of the increasing incidence. Immunopathogenesis in food allergies involves the reaction between allergens and antibodies mediated by immunoglobulin E, non-immunoglobulin E, or both. Clinical implications of food allergies in adults can affect the gastrointestinal, cutaneous, respiratory and systemic systems. The gold standard for food allergy diagnosis is an oral food challenge. The most appropriate management is to avoid the trigger factor. Specific and nonspecific therapies for allergens can be given even though they are still in debate.

Prediabetes is the forerunner of diabetes mellitus. Hence it has to be carefully cared for. Main conditions causing this are insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Insulin resistance can be assessed by using several methods, one of which is performed by assessing the value of HOMA-IR. Beta cell function can be determined by assessing HOMA-B. In this research we aim to obtain the description of insulin resistance and beta cell pancreas dysfunction on prediabetic patients, using the analytic observational method with cross-sectional approach. HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were assessed in 20 prediabetic patients, and their values were obtained by examining basal insulin and fasting glucose level. We found man to woman ratio 1:1, with mean (SD) age 35.8 (5.7) years old, BMI 24.9 (4.3) kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 104.8 (4.3) mg/dL, and blood glucose two hours after oral glucose tolerance test 121.7 (23.1) mg/dl. Mean of HOMA-IR on prediabetic patients was 4.1 (3.2) and mean of HOMA-B was 188.3 (155.1). The increase of insulin resistance on this study is by studies that were conducted by Nguyen and Mohtarin. The increase of HOMA-B in this study is following other studies by Mohtarin and Owei, supposedly due to beta cell compensation process against the increase of insulin resistance. We conclude that the increase of HOMA-IR in prediabetics is compensated for by an increase in HOMA-B.

The rapid increase in the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, including in Padang, has led the government to designate several hospitals as referrals for COVID-19 patients. The profile of COVID-19 patients is needed to describe the pattern of this disease in Padang. Objectives: To revealed the profile of COVID-19 patients in SPH, Indonesia. Methods: This was a retrospective study. This study was conducted and collected data of COVID-19 patients from March to June 2020. Results: There are 54 patients with mean age of 50.93 (14.6) years old, 43% male and 57% female. The clinical manifestations are cough (74%), fever (37%), sore throat (22%), and fatigue (35%). There are 82% of patients admitted that they have contacted with other COVID-19 patients or have activities in COVID-19 cluster area, and only 7% have traveled to other cities. The mean length of stay is 31.91 (14.87) days. The mean laboratory data: Hemoglobin 13.7 (1.39) gr/dl, WBC 8,037.04 (2,846.27) /mm3, platelet 274,389 (75,053.80) /mm3, and NLR 3.16 (3.37). Chest radiograph results are bronchopneumonia (22.22%), cardiomegaly (7.41%), and normal (70.37%). Conclusion: The profile of COVID-19 patients in SPH is more in female patients, cough is the most clinical manifestation that appeared, the mean laboratory data (hemoglobin, WBC, and platelet) are normal, and normal chest radiography is the most chest radiograph results in these patients.Kata kunci: COVID-19, Padang, profile

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), yang disebut juga dengan tirotropin, adalah glikoprotein yang disekresikan oleh bagian anterior dari kelenjar hipofisis. Sintesis dan sekresi dari TSH diatur oleh faktor dari hipotalamus yang didominasi oleh thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) dan faktor perifer yang didominasi oleh kadar hormon tiroid. Setelah disintesis, TSH disekresikan, lalu akan berikatan dengan reseptor yang disebut Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR). Ikatan TSH-TSHR akan memberikan dampak klinis terhadap jaringan dan organ tempat terjadinya ikatan tersebut. Ikatan tersebut bisa terjadi pada kelenjar tiroid dan jaringan ekstratiroid. Jaringan yang sudah dikenal mengekspresikan TSHR adalah jaringan adiposa, hipotalamus, hipofisis anterior, tulang, hati dan sistem imun.