Recebido em 7/6/04; aceito em 15/10/04; publicado na web em 17/2/05 SIMULATED DISTILLATION IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. One of the most widely used physico-chemical characterizations of hydrocarbon mixtures is the determination of their boiling point distribution. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils and petroleum products is essential to ensure the correct specification of final products and to control refinery processes. Simulated distillation, a GC based process, has been playing this role for the past decades in the petroleum industry. The main purpose of this work is to show the fundamentals of this technique as well as its present trends.
ABSTRACT. The Alto do Rodrigues, Estreito and Salina Cristal, Potiguar oil fields, produce heavy oils which are derived from distinct production intervals. Steam injection is used to stimulate production, with the steam generated using water transferred by pipe from the Açu River. This work investigates the physicochemical and isotopic characteristics of the surface waters of the region, the water introduced as steam, and the water produced in the wells of the oil fields, in order to determine the contributions of the various intervals to well production, as well as the influence of injected steam as a recuperation method. The isotopic compositions were characterized, including the water introduced as steam (δ2H = 3_and δ18O = 0.5_), the formation water in the reservoir (–25_ < δ2H < –18_and –4.1_ < δ18O < –2.6_), and the water produced from wells with specific or combined production intervals in the Açu Reservoir. The results help to determine the differential participation of the various production intervals in wells with combined production, as well as the isotopic and energetic influence of the injected steam in wells adjacent to the injection wells. Finally, it was possible to identify the effects of oil biodegradation, as evidenced by high concentrations of DIC enriched with 13C.Keywords: formation water, environmental isotopes, biodegradation, secondary recovery. RESUMO. Os campos Alto do Rodrigues, Estreito e Salina Cristal, da bacia Potiguar, produzem óleo pesado proveniente de diferentes intervalos de produção, na formação Açu. Para estimular a produção, vemsendo utilizada a injeção de vapor, gerado a partir de água do rio Açu. Este trabalho apresenta umestudo das características físico-químicas e isotópicas de águas superficiais da região, da água introduzida como vapor, e da água produzida em poços daqueles campos, tendo como objetivo identificar a contribuição de diferentes intervalos na produção dos poços, e a influência do vapor injetado como método de recuperação. Foi caracterizada a composição isotópica da água introduzida como vapor (δ2H = 3_e δ18O = 0,5_), da água de formação do reservatório (–25_ < δ2H<–18_e –4,1_ < δ18O<–2,6_) e da água produzida em poços com produção em intervalos específicos ou combinados do reservatório Açu. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível determinar a participação diferenciada nos poços com produção combinada dos diferentes intervalos produtores, e a influência isotópica e energética do vapor injetado nos poços vizinhos ao poço injetor. Também foi possível identificar o efeito da biodegradação nos óleos, evidenciados pela alta concentração do carbono inorgânico dissolvido, enriquecido em C13.Palavras-chave: água de formação, isótopos ambientais, biodegradação, recuperação secundária.
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