Interprofessional education (IPE) is a learning method that allows the clinical clerkship to study together, exchange knowledge, and develop the skill that is needed in interprofessional collaborative work practice. This article analyzed the elements within IPE including background, operational definition, goals and benefits, implementation, as well as competency in IPE. Furthermore, the role of IPE for medical students especially in pharmacology subject was discussed. In summary, interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is needed to answer the high demand and complexity of patient problems in minimizing medication errors due to low IPC. The IPE is an early step towards realizing IPC where each profession can understand each other’s roles and responsibilities to achieve comprehensive patient health.

Background:The elevation of serum uric acid may cause metabolic syndrome and increase systemic inflammation also oxidative stress which are the risk factors for liver disease. Recently, coffee as the most popular drink worldwide could promote antioxidant activity due to some anti-inflammatory effects of some polyphenolic compounds such as cafestol, kahweol, and diterpenes. This study aimed to analyze the profile of liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperuricemia rats after daily consumption of coffee.Method:Four groups, each consisting of 6 rats (Rattus norvegicus), respectively were observed as 1) negative control group; 2) positive control group; 3) caffeinated coffee group; 4) decaffeinated coffee group. Hyperuricemia was conditioned by administering high purine intake into the 2nd until 4th group as much as 140 mg/200gr of weight. Coffee, which is caffeinated and decaffeinated was given to the third and the fourth group respectively with doses 144 mg/200gr of weight. SOD of liver tissue was measured after 30 days of treatment.Result:In hyperuricemia rats, daily consumption of coffee shows higher liver SOD levels compared to a positive control group. The average (+SD) of liver SOD each group respectively 79.51(+3.06); 32.24(+3.53); 53.28(+4.49); and 68.03(+4.72). Numeric comparative hypothetic test using one-way ANOVA shows the difference mean between each group was statistically significant (95%CI; p < 0.05).Conclusion:Daily consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may reduce oxidative stress in liver tissue of hyperuricemia rats.

Background: Synbiotic contains antioxidant that has been suggested to improve oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation consisting of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) with the addition of Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum on oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats. Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5) for eight weeks of treatment. The HFD control (HFD alone) group and three different groups supplemented with three various doses of kepel synbiotic (Syn 1.2 mL, Syn 1.8 mL, and Syn 2.4 mL) were fed HFD for the first four weeks and continued supplemented kepel synbiotic for the second four weeks. Meanwhile, the normal diet (ND) control group was given regular food alone throughout the study. The serum, liver, heart, and brain oxidative stress markers were assessed. Results: Kepel synbiotic supplementation consistently improved oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity inhibition rate in serum, liver, heart, and brain in the HFD group compared to the ND group. This improvement effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner, increasing in higher kepel synbiotic doses. Conclusion: Kepel synbiotics showed a beneficial effect in improving oxidative stress in the serum, liver, heart, and brain of HFD-fed rats. Supplementation of kepel synbiotic can be considered a complementary therapeutic agent in improving oxidative stress, especially due to HFD consumption.