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The reaction of 5-(1-adamantyl)-4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (5) with various aromatic aldehydes in ethanol or acetic acid yielded the corresponding 4-arylideneamino derivatives 6a–v. Treatment of the 4-(2,6-difluoro- and dichlorobenzylideneamino) derivatives 6o and 6q with 1-substituted piperazines, and formaldehyde solution in ethanol afforded good yields of the corresponding 5-(1-adamantyl)-4-(2,6-dihalobenzylideneamino-2-(4-substituted-1-piperazinylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3-thiones 7a–p. 5-(1-Adamantyl)-4-arylideneamino-2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-piperidylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3-thiones 8a–n, were similarly prepared via the reaction of the corresponding arylideneamino derivative with ethyl 4-piperidinecarboxylate and formaldehyde solution in ethanol. Compounds 6a–v, 7a–p and 8a–n were tested for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Several derivatives showed good or moderate activities, particularly against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of 21 compounds was determined using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method in rats. Compounds 7d, 7g, 7i, 7j, 7l, 8c, 8e and 8l showed good or moderate dose-dependent activity in this area.