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The present study aimed to determine the effect of estradiol-progesterone supplementation and pinealectomy on lipid peroxidation of liver tissue in ovariectomized rats. The study was carried out on 36 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats, which weighed 200-250 g. The rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1: Sham Ovariectomy (Sham-Ovx), Group 2: Ovariectomy (Ovx), Group 3: Ovx + Estradiol-Progesterone supplementation (Ovx + H), Group 4: Sham Pinealectomy and Ovx (Sham Pnx -Ovx), Group 5: Ovx -Pnx, Group 6: Ovx -Pnx + H. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were determined in liver tissue of rats. The highest MDA levels and the lowest GSH-Px levels were determined in the ovariectomized-pinealectomized group, whereas the lowest MDA was in the Sham-Ovx group, and the highest GSH-Px levels were found in the Sham-Ovx and Ovx + Hormone supplemented group. Furthermore, the highest GSH levels were in group 1 and lowest levels were in group 5. The findings of this study demonstrate that ovariectomy led to lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of rats. Pinealectomy in addition to ovariectomy, increases lipid peroxidation, but, estradiol and progesterone supplementations to the ovariectomized-pinealectomized rats protect against lipid peroxidation to a significant extent.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of estradiol and progesterone supplementation on oxidant and antioxidant parameters of renal tissue in ovariectomized and pinealectomized rats. The study was carried out on 36 adult, Sprague-Dawley strain female rats, 6 months of age and weighing 200-250 g. The rats were divided into six groups, each group included six rats: Group 1: Sham-ovariectomized (Sham-Ovx); Group 2: Ovariectomized (Ovx); Group 3: Ovx and estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) supplemented (Ovx+E-P); Group 4: Ovariectomized and sham pinealectomy (Ovx+sham Pnx); Group 5: Ovariectomized+Pinealectomized (Ovx+Pnx); Group 6: Ovariectomized+Pinealectomized+Hormone Supplemented group (Ovx+Pnx+E-P). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analysed in renal tissues of rats. The highest and the lowest levels of MDA were determined in Groups 5 and 1 respectively (p < 0.001). However, GSH and GSH-Px levels demonstrated statistically important decreases in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.001). The findings of this study demonstrate that ovariectomy leads to oxidative damage in renal tissue. Pinealectomy in addition to ovariectomy greatly increases the oxidative damage. However, female sex hormones supplementations to the Ovx and/or Ovx+Pnx rats protected against lipid peroxidation by activating the antioxidant system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estradiol and progesterone and melatonin supplementation on TNF-alpha levels in ovariectomized and pinealectomized rats. The study was carried out on 42 adult, Spraque-Dawley strain female rats aged 6 months and weighing 200-250 grams. The rats were divided into 6 groups, each group contained 7 rats. Group 1: Sham-ovariectomized (Sham-Ovx), Group 2: Ovariectomized (Ovx), Group 3: Ovx and estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) supplemented (Ovx+E-P) group, Group 4: Ovx+E-P+Melatonin (M) supplemented group, Group 5: Ovx Pinealectomized (Pnx) group, Group 6: Ovx - Pnx+E-P supplemented group. Serum TNF-alpha levels were determined after 4 weeks application period. Group 6 (Ovx-Pnx+E-P) has the highest serum TNF-alpha compared with other groups while group 2 (ovariectomized), has the lowest levels (P<0.001). Group 5 was higher than groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (P <0.001). The results of the study show that ovariectomy reduces the serum level of TNF-alpha, but estradiol and progesterone application prevents this reduction in ovariectomized rats. However, pinealectomy intensifies the increases in TNF-alpha levels in ovariectomized and estradiol and progesterone supplemented rats, whereas melatonin reduces TNF-alpha levels in ovariectomized rats.

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