Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis are inflammatory responses to infection or trauma, causing symptoms and adverse outcomes such as organ shutdown and death. Different scoring systems can help in the diagnosis of SIRS and sepsis. Several biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and white blood cells (WBCs) can serve as predictors of sepsis. Surgery, trauma, and burns are the non-inflammatory causes of SIRS and sepsis. In postoperative patients, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory causes of immune response may co-exist. The role of inflammatory biomarkers in identifying sepsis development, deciding to use antibiotics, and discharging patients needs further exploration and clarity. We searched medical databases such as PubMed/Medline, PMC, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant medical literature. The identified papers were screened, eligibility criteria were applied, and 15 research papers were identified. The finalized papers explored the roles of CRP and PCT in postoperative patients. Both CRP and PCT are raised in a postoperative patient, and then, gradually, the levels decrease. However, in case of an infection, these levels continue to rise and signify an infection, which may progress to sepsis. The cut-off values can guide decision-making about when to start antibiotics and discharge the patient. PCT was found to be more reliable in identifying the infection and preventing the development of sepsis. Further research is needed to identify the exact cut-off values that can help in decision-making.

A leader's effectiveness is affected by the followers' acceptance of the leader as their leader. Followers rely on their cognitive schema to judge whether someone deserves to be considered a leader. This cognitive schema is the implicit leadership theory (ILT) individuals have on the qualities of a leader. When leaders are perceived as conforming to this ILT, they are seen as leaders, and followers accept their influence attempt. This study examined the ILT of Bruneians. The findings indicate that Bruneians are associated with a distinct ILT and shows that gender and personality variables predict the variation in ILT.

Our technique of open cranial reconstruction with nonabsorbable suture nylon 2/0 as sole method of fixation has resulted in good aesthetic outcome with low reoperations and complications rate. Longer follow-up is needed to ascertain our long-term results.

This study examines the relationships between quality of work life (QWL) and affective organizational commitment. A random sample of 273 blue-collar employees from fifty private sector organizations in northern Malaysia responded to the survey questionnaire. The seven dimensions QWL scale, and the affective organizational commitment scale were used to collect the data. The data was analysed by using the Smart PLS software for the measurement and the structural models. The measurement model analysis indicates that all the scales used in this study show acceptable levels of composite reliability, convergent and discriminate validities. Results of structural model analysis indicate that six of the QWL dimensions are significantly related to affective commitment. Supervision is the only QWL dimension which is not significantly related to affective commitment. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research also discussed.

The purpose of this research paper is to report on the purchase intention of China-made home appliances among career women in Malaysia. The purchase intention is hypothesised to be influenced by the price and preference of today’s career women who are indifferent to the product’s country of origin and brand. Data were collected by random sampling from 430 career women in selected states in Malaysia in 2016 and were used to test the hypotheses. Survey questionnaires were used to collect the data by utilising a self-administrated method. The relationships between price, perceived risks, attitude toward brand, and purchase intention were tested in this study. The results showed that price is the main factor being considered by the career women in Malaysia when they decide to purchase China-made home appliances. This study implied that marketers need to capitalise on pricing strategy in order to market their home appliances among career women. Keywords: China-made, Purchase intention, Perceived risk, Attitude towards brand, Malaysia.