The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between sexual practices and HIV seropositive status disclosure to sexual partners by People Living with Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (PLWHIV) in Nairobi, Kenya. A survey was conducted among 232 PLWHIV who were registered members of HIV support groups in an informal settlement. Results showed that half (50.5%) of the respondents had disclosed their HIV seropositive status to their sexual partners. Chi-square results revealed statistically significant relationships between HIV seropositive disclosure and the following sexual behaviours: condom use in the last sexual encounter (χ2 = 12.144; df = 1; p = 0.001); regular sexual partner (χ2 = 5.124; df = 1; p = 0.024); agreement on HIV testing with sexual partner (χ2 = 3.873; df = 1; p = 0.039) and knowledge of sexual partners’ HIV serostatus (χ2 = 6.536; df = 1; p = 0.011). The binary logistic regression results established four positive predictors of self-disclosure to sexual partners as regular sexual partner (AOR = 2.506; p = 0.012), knowledge of sexual partners’ HIV serostatus (AOR = 3.949; p = 0.015), condom use during the last sexual encounter (AOR = 3.507; p = 0.035) and agreement on HIV testing with sexual partner (AOR = 2.560; p = 0.020).  However, the desire to conceive (AOR = 3.050; p = 0.094) and the method of testing HIV serostatus (AOR = 0.853; p = 0.530) were not significant predictors of HIV seropositivity disclosure. It was concluded that respondents who knew their partners HIV serostatus and also used a condom during their last sexual encounter were four times more likely to disclose than those who were not aware of partners’ serostatus or those who did not use a condom in their last sexual encounter. Furthermore, those who were in regular sexual relationships and also agreed on HIV testing with sexual partners were twice more likely to disclose than those in casual sexual relationships. An analysis of sexual practices of PLWHIV can therefore enhance the formulation of targeted strategies aimed at enhancing HIV prevention and reduction of risky sexual behaviour among PLWHIV.

The study sought to investigate the market profiling and positioning of park branding in Kenya. Tourism arrivals in Kenya are currently spatially concentrated in only six parks, which receive 81% of the total number of visitors to the country's 26 wildlife sanctuaries. A descriptive survey design was adopted in the study. Two‐stage cluster sampling technique was adopted. The focus of the study was on four protected areas within the Central Tourism region, Kenya. Cluster analysis indicated that the park brands attracted differentiated cluster segments. The results implied that tourism marketing and promotion ought to design, package and promote the brand differently to meet targeted needs of these segments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal factors associated with reproductive behavior of low income mothers in Kiandutu slum in Thika Municipality, Kenya. The family resource management model and the safe motherhood theoretical framework guided the study. A survey of 120 randomly selected mothers was conducted using simple random sampling. Data was collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed that the level of education (p=0.000), occupation (p=0.037), income levels (p=0.040), religious affiliation (p=0.007) and attitude towards contraception (p=0.000) had significant relationship with mothers' reproductive behavior. However, age, marital status, ethnicity contraceptive knowledge and use were not significantly related to reproductive behavior. Implications for fertility, family size, family planning, and involvement of males in reproductive health are included in the discussion. The study recommends that reproductive and sexual health education be made available to women and girls of childbearing age. This will help to empower them to take control of their own fertility.

Foreign scholars move to international destinations and enroll in institutions for academic courses of study. The students form a promising niche’ market and is the third export earner in Australia. Africa is endowed with unique geographical features which attract the students who enroll in programs such as; eco-tourism, heritage tourism, rural/farm tourism and student exchanges between educational institutions. Africa recognizes educational tourism as a promising niche’ market segment to cushion out the fluctuating numbers of other market segments. The region receives about 14% foreign scholars yearly to add to those existing in their institutions of learning. Kenya receives 50,000 of the students distributed as 1% admissions to public universities and 12% to private universities, a constant 200,000 international students annually. The reasons why scholars from developed nations do not prioritize Africa should be investigated to increase Kenya’s market share. The study purposed to establish the tourist activities that are of interest to the scholars. The scholars from all over the globe join Kenya’s institutions of higher learning and throughout their course of study, they will be attached to attraction sites either as part of their study or as leisure activities. UNESCO supports travel of students to foreign destinations in order to enhance and promote culture and international understanding. International students visit several tourist attraction sites and can be classified as foreign or local tourists. Questionnaires were administered to the scholars, the heads of foreign student offices were subjected in-depth interviews while the communities offering tourism participated in focus group discussions. Only 29.7% (98) had involved themselves with various activities in the communities while a considerable number (65.2%) did not involve themselves in the activities within host communities. However, there was a significant relationship between tourists’ activity options and sustainable tourism development, the P-value 0.029 (P-value<0.05). When tourists’ activity options and economic impact were cross tabulated, no significant relationship was displayed because P-value is 0.301 (P-value>0.05). Majority 58.7% of the students were self-driven to the local communities. The study shows that most of the activities linked to educational trips are organized in relation to the products of tourism available within destinations. Keywords: International students, international destinations, local destinations, niche’ market, foreign scholars