En el presente artículo se presenta un análisis de la presencia y la perspectiva de enseñanza de la Historia Reciente en los currículos vigentes en la educación secundaria en Chile. Analizamos en particular cuál es la presencia de los temas de Historia Reciente en el currículo, qué tipo de temas son los tratados y cuál es la perspectiva que se vislumbra en el currículo. Para esto hemos analizado el Marco Curricular actualizado 2009 y las Bases Curriculares del año 2013. El análisis nos muestra que la Historia Reciente ha consolidado un espacio en el currículo de Historia en Chile y que la perspectiva que domina la enseñanza es la práctica.
RESUMEN -Enseñanza de la Historia y Diversidad Étnica: los casos chileno y español. Una característica del mundo actual es la diversidad étnica y racial. Esta realidad, sin embargo, no está resuelta en el currículo escolar y, en particular, en el de historia y ciencias sociales. En nuestro trabajo analizamos lo siguiente: a) las razones que avalan la necesidad de una historia escolar centrada en la diversidad étnica, b) la enseñanza de la historia y de los pueblos originarios en América, c) Los y las indígenas en el currículo chileno de historia y d) la situación en España: el tratamiento de la diversidad étnica en los currículos de historia. En la conclusión señalamos la necesidad de perseverar en la búsqueda de una solución basada en la diversidad y en la igualdad como requisitos fundamentales de la ciudadanía global. Palabras-clave: Enseñanza de la Historia. Diversidad Étnica y Racial. Currículo.
ABSTRACT -History Teaching and Ethnic Diversity: the Chilean and the Spanish cases.A characteristic of the contemporary world is the ethnic and racial diversity. This fact, however, is not resolved in the school curriculum, particularly in the curriculum of history and social sciences. In our study we analyzed: a) the arguments for the need for a History education focused on ethnic diversity, b) the teaching of history and of native peoples in America, c) the indigenous in the Chilean history curriculum, and d) the situation in Spain: the approach of ethnic diversity in History curricula. In the conclusion, we highlight the need to persevere in the search for a solution based on diversity and equality as fundamental requirements of global citizenship.
e24097 Background: Anti-tumor therapy is the most frequent cause of toxic neuropathy in the Western population. Unlike its acute presentation (AN), chronic neuropathy appears during treatment and persists for more than six months after the end of chemotherapy, significantly limiting the quality of life of many patients. Although it is a drug-dependent toxicity, there is scarce evidence about its frequency and the factors that are determinant in its development. The main objetive is to know the incidence of NPCIQ as well as to identify factors that predispose to its appearance. Methods: We retrospectively selected 98 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel (P) (80mg/m2/weekly) or oxaliplatin (O) (130 mg/m2/every 3 weeks), establishing three groups: Group A and B: Patients treated with P or O and who have developed NPCIQ and Group C patients treated with P or O and who have not developed NPCIQ.Group A P+ NPCIQ: 34 (33,3 %), Group B O+NPCIQ: 27 (26,5 %) and Group C non-NPCIQ: 37 (36,2%). Results: Of the 79 patients who developed AN, 61 (77,2%) developed NPCIQ, of these 34 due to paclitaxel and 27 due to oxaliplatin. Those patients with a body mass index > 30 or toxic habits developed NPCIQ more frequently: 24% vs 36% and 24% vs 42% (p: 0.054) respectively (Table 1).The obesity impact on NPCIQ is statistically significative for paclitaxel group (p: 0,027). Conclusions: NPCIQ is a frequent toxicity, there are avoidable factors such as obesity, smoking and alcohol that can influence its development. Recommendations aimed at avoiding overweight or the consumption of alcohol and tobacco may be useful to reduce the incidence of NPCIQ. [Table: see text]
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