Hypertension is the most prevalent non-communicable disease in Indonesia. Stress is one of the modifiable risk factors of hypertension. Work stress is a complaint or disorder of physical, psychological, or social conditions, related to work and can be experienced by workers. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between work stress and hypertension among industrial workers. A cross-sectional study in 100 male workers in the production department of a manufacturing industry in Bekasi, Indonesia, was conducted. The measurement of work stress was obtained by Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) and categorized as workers with work stress and without work stress. Hypertension was defined according to 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The relationship of variables was analyzed by chi-square test and stated as prevalence ratio (PR). The confounder of age was adjusted using logistic regression. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in workers with work stress, PR = 5.58, 95% CI 1.54–20.23 (p=0.005). Adjusted PR after adjusting for age was 6.27, 95% CI 1.71–23.06 (p=0.006). In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between work stress and hypertension among industrial workers.

Objective. To adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the FRAIL scale (Ina-FRAIL) and the SARC-F (Ina-SARC-F).Methods. The Ina-FRAIL and the Ina-SARC-F were developed through forwards-backwards translation, and their validity (itemtotal item correlations), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and test-retest reliability (kappa statistic) were determined. The diagnostic performance of the Ina-FRAIL and the Ina-SARC-F was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results. A total of 101 (57 men and 44 women) and 64 (23 men and 41 women) patients were included in the validation of the Ina-FRAIL scale and the Ina-SARC-F, respectively. For the Ina-FRAIL scale, internal consistency coefficient was 0.530, and test-retest reliability was 0.951 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the total score and items of fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight were 0.503, 0.813, 0.679, 0.561, and 0.317, respectively (all p<0.001). Correlation between the Ina-FRAIL scale and the Cardiovascular Health Study was strong (rs=0.696, p<0.001). Using the cut-off value of ≥2, the diagnostic performance of the Ina-FRAIL was 80% sensitivity and 70.4% specificity. For the Ina-SARC-F, internal consistency was 0.851, and test-retest reliability was 1.00 (p<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the total score and items of strength, ambulation, rising, climbing, and falls were 0.646, 0.775, 0.653, 0.685, and 0.580, respectively (all r>0.361 and p<0.001). Using the cut-off value of ≥3, the diagnosis performance of the Ina-SARC-F was 100% sensitivity and 61.7% specificity. Conclusions.The Ina-FRAIL scale and the Ina-SARC-F are valid and reliable tools to screen for frailty syndrome and sarcopenia, respectively.

BACKGROUND: Iron-overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a major comorbidity in patients with chronic repetitive blood transfusion due to myocardial iron uptake that facilitated by calcium channels. As cardiac compensatory mechanism to IOC, we hypothesized the cardiac calcium channels expression would be increased and involved in cardiomyopathy progressivity. This study was aimed to investigate the gene expression of calcium channels in the heart of the iron overload mice model.METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups according to iron administration doses 0, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/day. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured for the representation of cardiovascular outcomes. The heart tissues were harvested. Further mRNA levels of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) and T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) were examined using semi-quantitative PCR. The expressions of cardiac calcium channels and blood pressure among the three groups were compared.RESULTS: The expressions of TTCCs in the two iron-injected groups were higher than the control group (p=0.018). The expressions of LTCCs were not different (p=0.413) among groups. SBP, DBP, and MAP of the iron-injected group were lower than the control group (p=0.025, p=0.011, and p=0.008, respectively).CONCLUSION: Iron administration affects the expression of TTCCs but not the LTCCs, accompanied by decreasing of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.KEYWORDS: cardiomyopathy, iron overload, L-type calcium channel, T-type calcium channel.