The objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.

Background:Gastrointestinal parasitoses have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Each year about 3.5 billion people are affected by these diseases and 65,000 of them die, mostly in developing countries due to lack of basic sanitation, malnutrition, and poor access to medication. Thus, they constitute an important public health problem due to causing direct health problems related to lack of piped water, absence of sewage system, and lack of orientation. Objectives: Two in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the larvicidal and/or ovicidal activity of ethanol extracts obtained from the plants Euterpe edulis, Mikania laevigata, and Mikania glomerata on the gastrointestinal nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum. Materials and Methods: In the first assay (A), T. canis eggs were exposed to three different concentrations (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) of each extract, three different concentrations of albendazole (positive control), ethanol (solvent), and a negative control (no treatment), for 15 days at 26°C, under the shelter of light in order to evaluate the percentage of embryonated eggs in the presence of these extracts. In the second assay (B), the larvicidal activities of the species studied were evaluated in the different extract concentrations (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL), control, and solvent (ethanol), in coprocultures positive for A. caninum eggs. Results: In assay A, the results demonstrated inhibitory embryogenesis activity on T. canis eggs; however, no difference (P > 0.01) was found between the activities of the extracts. In the control group, there was a difference (P < 0.01) in relation to the tested extracts, in which this difference was not concentration-dependent. In assay B, all extracts showed inhibitory (P > 0.01) hatchability activity of A. caninum eggs in the control group. Conclusions: Through these results, the applicability of the used extracts in the control of eggs and/or larvae of T. canis and A. caninum is suggested. However, it is worth mentioning that further studies should be performed with the species E. edulis, M. glomerata and M. laevigata, using different extracts, new concentrations, and in vivo studies, in order to ensure further clarification on the agents responsible for the observed effects, degree of efficacy, and toxicity.

Platynosomum fastosum é um parasito de felinos, entre os quais os gatos domésticos, sobretudo os originados de locais onde o clima é tropical e subtropical. Este é o parasito hepático mais comum de gatos domésticos e se localiza geralmente nas vias biliares e vesícula biliar, mas também pode ser encontrado no intestino delgado e pâncreas. A infecção se dá por meio da ingestão de lagartixa contendo as metacercárias que, nas vias biliares de gatos domésticos, causam uma colangite. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de P. fastosum, verificada por meio de necropsia de um gato doméstico, assintomático, com histórico de morte súbita, recebido no setor de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário Ricardo Alexandre Hippler, Espírito Santo, Brasil. No exame macroscópico, foram observados exemplares adultos de P. fastosum no interior dos ductos biliares que se encontravam visivelmente dilatados. No exame histopatológico, foram confirmadas dilatação, presença de parasitos e proliferações papilares para a luz dos ductos, seguindo-se a classificação como colangiohepatite associada à infecção por P. fastosum. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de P. fastosum em um gato doméstico no Espírito Santo.

Parasitic diseases are seen as indicators of a country's socioeconomic development, constituting a major public health problem as they cause direct health problems related to the lack of piped water, no sewage system, and lack of orientation. Contamination by the geohelminth Ancylostoma spp, causes the Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), also known as "sandworms", presenting skin lesions of linear and serpiginous character. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro larvicidal potential of guaco extracts (Mikania glomerata SPRENGEL) at different concentrations on A. caninum larvae. Obtained results showed the larvicidal effect of the M. glomerata extract starting from a treatment of 10mg/ml of guaco extracts (p<0.01). The larvicidal activity was best demonstrated in the 25 mg/ml treatment, in which a decrease of 13.30% of L3 was observed compared to the control group, and in the 50 mg/ml treatment (61.66%) reduction of L3. By means of the results, the applicability of the plant extracts used is suggested in A. caninum larvae control. In addition, more research is suggested to assess their employability in different extract forms, new concentrations, and in vivo studies, in order to ensure further clarification on the agents responsible for the observed effects, degree of efficacy and toxicity, and research continuity regarding the use concentration of the plant M. glomerata SPRENGEL.

The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a sensitive method to diagnose diseases of the distal portion of the lower respiratory tract and has been broadly used by numerous researchers. Cytocentrifugation is the choice cytological preparation technique, but demands specific and costly equipment. Therefore, the present paper intends to verify the applicability of the linear smear technique to evaluate BAL samples. For this, BAL samples of 30 equines were used and the cytological preparations were done by cytocentrifugation and linear smear techniques. All glass microscope slides were fixed and stained with Giemsa for the differential cell count. Regarding the effect of the preparation technique on differential counts, no significant difference in any cell type was found. The linear smear is a reliable alternative and can be recommended as a substitution to cytocentrifugation. Keywords:Horse. Bronchoalveolar lavage. Cytocentrifugation. Linear smear. ResumoO lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) é um método sensível para diagnosticar doenças do trato respiratório posterior e vem sendo utilizado por diversos pesquisadores. A citocentrifugação, técnica de escolha para processar amostras citológicas de LBA, exige equipamentos específicos e caros. Por isso, este trabalho verificou a aplicabilidade da técnica de esfregaço linear para avaliação citológica do LBA. Foram utilizadas amostras de LBA de 30 equinos adultos. As preparações citológicas foram realizadas tanto por citocentrifugação quanto por esfregaço linear. Todas as lâminas foram fixadas e coradas com Giemsa para realização da contagem celular diferencial. Não foram encontradas alterações morfológicas significativas e nem diferenças estatísticas entre nenhum dos tipos celulares processados pelos dois métodos, o que permite afirmar que o método de esfregaço linear é uma alternativa segura para avaliação morfológica celular do LBA de equinos, podendo ser utilizado no lugar da citocentrifugação quando esta não estiver disponível. Palavras