The scenario outlined by the productive restructuring associated with the economic crisis and other changes in the Brazilian economy in the 1990s led to the bankruptcy of many businesses and resulted in an increase in unemployment and uncertainty in work relations. Thus, the workers sought other forms of survival, including associated work. Some groups began to organize themselves with the aim of collectively assuming the management of bankrupted factories in order to keep their jobs. The first 'recovered factories' appeared in Brazil. In this context, some supporting institutions were also born, in order to support these experiences, as well as other initiatives within the cooperative and social economy. Our proposal is to make a general analysis of the current situation of the recovered factories in Brazil, discussing whether and how the values of cooperativism and self-management are present in these factories today.1 The social economy brings together different experiences under cooperativism, such as work and production cooperatives, credit cooperatives, solidarity fairs, exchange clubs and associations. Since 2003, we have had a national office in Brazil in charge of the social economy. 2 ANTEAG ended its activities, while Unisol remains a major supporter organ of the social economy in Brazil.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como as novas configurações do empreendedorismo tecnológico, sobretudo seus novos arranjos territoriais e espaciais, influenciam as formas de organização do trabalho e a experiência dos trabalhadores, tendo como recorte o setor de tecnologia da informação (TI). A proposta insere-se na discussão sobre a flexibilização do trabalho nas últimas décadas, que compreende novos arranjos espaço-temporais do trabalho, novas estratégias de controle e a demanda de um novo perfil de trabalhador, que mobilize recursos subjetivos no desenvolvimento de sua atividade. A pesquisa se desenvolveu no chamado ecossistema de empreendedorismo tecnológico que vem se estruturando na cidade de São Carlos-SP, apelidada de “Capital da Tecnologia” e “Vale do Silício brasileiro”. Foram realizadas visitas a empresas (sobretudo startups) e espaços de trabalho compartilhado, observação de situações de trabalho, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores e empreendedores de TI.

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In this article, we analyse the use of young workers to promote new patterns of work utilisation, illustrating the discussion with an example from Brazilian civil aviation. Data were collected in Brazil during a PhD research. Here we are going to focus on the qualitative element of the study, which draws on 52 interviews with airline and airport workers from a legacy airline (TAM), three low fares companies (GOL, Azul and Webjet) and agencies that provide ground handling services (Swissport and Aero-Park), complemented by three focus groups with a total of 16 workers from low-cost airlines (GOL, Azul, Webjet, Trip). Participants were sampled through local trade union representatives at major airports in São Paulo (Guarulhos and Campinas) and Rio de Janeiro (Galeão and Santos Dumont). Our data shed light on a very dynamic sector that has been making intensive use of a young labour force during a moment of renovation of its competitors, including the low-cost airlines. Thus, our results dwell on the importance of young workers in the implementation of new patterns of labour utilization.