SummaryThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence that the injection of carbohydrate-based solutions into embryonated eggs improves broiler performance. A literature search was conducted in April 2017 using the keywords broiler, carbohydrate, in ovo, nutrition and poultry. Only papers that involved in ovo carbohydrate injections in poultry were used in this study. After specific selection criteria, 17 papers were selected. The quality scoring system of the selected studies was based on the injection methodology, use of control groups, type of solution injected, period of injection, egg and hens characteristics, number of variables analysed and the statistical design. Among papers, there was no standardised procedure in to inoculate the solutions. Nevertheless, in general, in ovo feeding of carbohydrates decreases the hatch rate, improves the hatch weight, but it does not seem to influence the post-hatch performance of broilers. The inoculation of 75 mg of glucose in the albumen seems to bring better results. Further studies are needed to improve the technical methodology of in ovo injections for commercial use. K E Y W O R D Shatchability, in ovo nutrition, incubation, performance, poultry

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1 Recebido para publicação em 05/11/14. Aceito para publicação em 15/06/15. 2 Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Zootecnia, Lavras, MG, Brasil. *Autor correspondente: josimarsantrib@hotmail.com RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação das enzimas amilase, fitase e protease de formas isoladas e em associação, em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 300 codornas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta controle e dietas formuladas com a suplementação de 300 ppm de amilase, 300 ppm de protease e 500 FTU/kg de fitase e com a associação de enzimas. Nas fórmulas com inclusão de enzimas houve aplicação de redução na exigência nutricional de um ou mais dos seguintes componentes: proteína, aminoácidos digestíveis, energia, cálcio e fósforo, valorizando o uso das enzimas. As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho (produção média de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar), qualidade dos ovos (proporção dos constituintes do ovo e peso específico dos ovos) e digestibilidade dos nutrientes da ração (coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos nas variáveis analisadas (P>0,05), indicando que as enzimas têm efeito benéfico, isoladamente ou em associação, mantendo o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas.Palavras-chave: avicultura, coturnicultura, nutrição, qualidade de ovos. SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAIL WITH AMYLASE, PHYTASE AND PROTEASEABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of diets for laying Japanese quail with amylase, phytase and protease alone or in combination. Threehundred quail were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and six repetitions, with 10 animals per experimental unit. The treatments were: a control diet and diets supplemented with 300 ppm amylase, 300 ppm protease and 500 phytase units (FTU)/ kg and the combination of these enzymes. In the diets containing the enzymes, the nutritional requirements of one or more of the following components were reduced: protein, digestible amino acids, energy, calcium and phosphorus, giving priority to the use of enzymes. The evaluations were performed over four periods of 21 days each. Performance (mean egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, and feed conversion), egg quality (proportion of egg constituents and specific egg weight), and dietary nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein) were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the treatments on the variables analyzed (P>0.05), indicating that the enzymes, alone or in combination, have beneficial effects, maintaining performance and egg quality of Japanese quail.

The aim of the study was to verify the influence of selenomethionine (SM) supplementation on performance, carcass yield, characteristics of meat quality and Se tissue deposition of finishing pigs. A total of 128 hybrid pigs with an average weight of 76 kg were distributed in randomized blocks according to body weight in eight treatments and eight replicates. The experimental treatments were two Se levels from sodium selenite‐SS (0.3 and 0.6 ppm), four Se levels from SM (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ppm) and two combinations of SS with SM (SS 0.15 + SM 0.15 ppm and SS 0.3 + SM 0.3 ppm) providing 0.3 and 0.6 ppm Se in the diet respectively. The feeds were based on corn and soya bean meal. After 30 days on test, were analysed the performance indices and the pigs were slaughtered at commercial slaughterhouse. The cold carcass yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the loin meat and the Se content in muscle and liver were evaluated. There was no significant difference in performance indices (p > .05); however, there was a linear effect on the increase in pig carcass yield by increasing SM (p < .05). The use of SM solely or combined with SS provided higher Se deposition in muscle compared to SS (p < .05). The highest Se deposition in muscle occurred for SM at 0.4 ppm (p < .05). The SS provided higher Se deposition in liver (p < .05). The SM presented best results for meat quality compared to other sources (p < .05). The level of 0.4 ppm Se promoted the best results for the indices of yellow, luminosity, cooking loss and pH (p < .05). The use of SM at any level promotes higher oxidation stability of pig meat (p < .05). The supplementation of SM at a level of 0.4 ppm promotes better physicochemical characteristics and higher Se deposition on swine meat.

RESUMO: Um experimento foi realizado com 276 frangos do tipo caipira da linhagem Gauchão, para avaliar a suplementação de cana de açúcar triturada (CAT) na dieta sobre o desempenho, valor energético das rações e rendimento de carcaça. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro repetições de 23 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da inclusão ou não de CAT de forma on top em uma ração balanceada (RB), (100% RB; 85% RB + 15% CAT e 70% RB + 30% CAT). As rações experimentais foram fornecidas dos 29 aos 85 dias de idade e ao final do período experimental procedeu-se a avaliação do consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça dos frangos. Aos 52 dias de idade foi realizado ensaio de metabolismo, para determinação da energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo nitrogênio retido (EMAn) e coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca (CMMS), proteína bruta (CMPB), fibra em detergente neutro (CMFDN) e do extrato etéreo (CMEE). A suplementação de CAT na dieta proporcionou aumento no consumo de ração e piora no ganho de peso de acordo com o aumento no nível de inclusão. Os CMMS, CMFDN e CMEE foram superiores para os frangos que receberam o tratamento com 85% RB + 15% CAT, quando comparadas aos frangos alimentados com o tratamento controle (100% RB), com exceção do CMPB que não foi influenciado pela suplementação de CAT. O rendimento de carcaça, cortes e peso de órgãos não diferiram com a inclusão da CAT, porém o peso do pâncreas e da moela foram maiores nos frangos que receberam a dieta com 70% RB + 30% CAT em relação aos que receberam apenas RB. A inclusão da cana de açúcar triturada on top na dieta de frangos tipo caipira, como alimento alternativo, justifica-se até o nível de 15%, pois não afeta o conversão alimentar das aves e melhora o aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ração.Palavras-chave: alimento alternativo, avicultura, desempenho, digestibilidade, rendimento da carcaça. USE OF GROUND SUGARCANE IN DIETS FOR FREE-RANGE BROILER CHICKENSABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted using 276 free-range broiler chickens of the Gauchão lineage to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ground sugarcane (GSC) on performance, energy value of the diets, and carcass yield. The animals were assigned to three treatments and four repetitions of 23 animals each in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the on-top inclusion or not of GSC in a balanced diet (BD) (100% BD; 85% BD + 15% GSC, and 70% BD + 30% GSC). The experimental diets were offered from 29 to 85 days of age and feed intake, feed conversion and carcass yield of the chickens were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. A metabolism assay was conducted at 52 days of age to determine apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for retained nitrogen, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), neutral detergent fiber (MCNDF) and ethe...