The purpose of this article is to describe the current state of knowledge and practice in the flipped learning approach in engineering education and to provide guidance for practitioners by critically appraising and summarizing existing research. This article is a qualitative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research investigating the flipped learning approach in engineering education. Systematic review was adopted as the research methodology and article selection and screening process are described. Articles published between 2000 and May 2015 were reviewed, and 62 articles were included for a detailed analysis and synthesis. The results indicated that flipped learning gained popularity amongst engineering educators after 2012. The review revealed that research in engineering education focused on documenting the design and development process and sharing preliminary findings and student feedback. Future research examining different facets of a flipped learning implementation, framed around sound theoretical frameworks and evaluation methods, is still needed to establish the pedagogy of flipped learning in teaching engineering.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate instructor perspectives on the implementation of flipped classrooms in large enrolment classrooms. Five instructors teaching in different disciplines -ranging from mechanical engineering to sociology -were purposefully selected to provide in-depth analysis of the process of converting a traditional course to a flipped format. The findings indicated that flipped approach broke the social code of large enrolment courses by shrinking the instructors and empowering the students. Benefits and challenges the format brings are discussed and recommendations for implementation are provided.

The flipped-classroom approach has gained increasing popularity and interest in engineering education. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) student perspectives on the flipped-classroom approach in a transportation-engineering course and (b) how students used the in-class time dedicated to collaborative problem solving. To this end, the study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data included an end-ofsemester survey and student course grades. Qualitative data included information from focus-group interviews with students and video recordings that demonstrated selected groups' problem-solving processes. The results indicated that students found their flipped-classroom experience to be generally positive. Students were shown to engage in five types of behaviors during collaborative problem solving: problem analysis or understanding, individually working on problems, comparing individual work, interacting with peers, and interacting with the instructor.

Abstract:The flipped classroom approach has gained increasing popularity in higher education, particularly in STEM fields. In flipped learning, part or all of direct instruction is delivered through online videos and other media, and the class time is used for engaging students in collaborative, hands-on activities. In order to utilize the benefits of this novel teaching approach, a junior-level, introduction to transportation engineering course was converted into a flipped format. This study, conducted in a major Midwestern university, will present the results of a mixed-method evaluation investigating the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach. Quantitative data included a pre-course survey, a post-course survey. Qualitative data, on the other hand, included video recordings of in-class sessions and end-of-semester focus group interviews. Analysis of the results indicated students benefited from the flipped classroom approach although it entailed some challenges for both faculty and students. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made for engineering education researchers and practitioners.