The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the legal protection of personal data in the European Union (EU). Based on a systematic approach and the method of comparative law, it is determined that the legal mechanisms of the EU most extensively regulate their scope, create a rigid framework for European and foreign companies and world corporations, and introduce independent regulatory authorities. This system of personal data protection is the most progressive at the moment. It is revealed that in the 20th-century mankind has experienced a rapid breakthrough of its development when the vector of technology progress was a reoriented towards information infrastructure, huge in its scale and universal coverage. Digital technologies led to the third industrial revolution, and they have entered into everyday life, both professional and domestic. Finally, the authors came to the conclusion that personal data protection rules are increasingly expanding. The world community has already realized the need to protect personal information, prevent its uncontrolled use, and the need to take sufficient measures to ensure the protection of information about the private life of everyone. Issues of cross-border transfer of personal data have become particularly important, and the trend towards the implementation of regulations on the personal data protection of an extraterritorial nature can be clearly seen

The article is devoted to the analysis of various approaches to the protection of personal data in Russia and the European Union. In order to determine the importance of observing the right to protection of personal data, a number of documents of the European Commission adopted over the past few years have been analyzed. General scientific and special legal methods of cognition allowed for a comparative analysis of Regulation 2016/679 on the Protection of Individuals in the Processing of Personal Data and Their Free Movement (2018) and EU Directive 2016/680. Although Russia has ratified the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (1981), it has not been able to solve a number of problems related to the mandatory notification about personal data leaks, protection of personal data during their processing and against unauthorized access, etc. As a result, conclusions are drawn regarding the prevailing approaches to the definition of personal data and a unified conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of personal data. Proposals for the modernization of Russian legislation based on international experience are made as well.

The article deals with attributes of immovable things, land plots in particular, as a special variety of an immovable thing. We have analyzed legal precedents, which allowed identifying various items of immovable property and relate them to each other. In our research, we used general scientific and law-specific methods of cognition: historical legal, formal legal, comparative legal, etc. We have found gaps in the land legislation and civil legislation related to incomplete definitions and lack of clearly described attributes of immovable things. We have accounted for the latest legislative changes characterizing judicial attribute of any immovable property. Based on the identified attributes, we divided real estate into groups and provided a definition for the concept of a land plot as a special variety of real estate, without which things cannot exist and may not be divided into movable and immovable.

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