<p>This paper proposes a simple scheme of Proportional-Derivative (PD) plus Feedforward controller on SO(3) to control the attitude of a quadrotor. This controller only needs the measurement of angular velocity to calculate the exponential coordinates of the rotation matrix. With rotation matrix as an error variable of the controller, the simulation shows that the controller is able to drive the attitude of the quadrotor from hovering condition to desired attitude and from an attitude condition goes to the hovering condition, despite the system is disturbed. When the system is convergent, the rotation error matrix will be a 3x3 identity matrix.</p>
A quadrotor is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with two pairs of rotors rotating in opposite directions. Some of its unique abilities are hovering and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). Most recent works carried out the UAVs' rotation parametrization using Euler angles and a quaternion. Those UAVs suffer from singularities and ambiguities. A geometric control is generally used to deal with those problems. Exponential coordinate in the geometric control maps R3 into SO(3). This paper presented a fuzzy logic controller on SO(3) to control the attitude of the quadrotor. The input of the fuzzy logic controller is the angular velocity (ω) and exponential coordinate error of rotation (ζ), while the output is torque (τ). The error function in this controller is a rotation matrix on SO(3). This proposed controller can control the attitude of the quadrotor based on the expected attitude for maneuvers both on one axis and all axis with a steady-state error of about 0.02 rad.
Video on Demand (VOD) memungkinkan pengguna bisa memilih dan memutar video dimanapun dan kapanpun dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa protokol, seperti RTSP dan HTTP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk evaluasi protokol RTSP dan HTTP dalam transmisi video pada WLAN. Adapun metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan monitoring menggunakan Wireshark untuk memperoleh data dari parameter QoS yaitu, throughput, packet loss, dan delay dengan jumlah client yang berbeda (10 client, 20 client, dan 30 client) secara bertahap mengakses video bersamaan. Pengujian ini juga menggunakan resolusi video yang berbeda-beda pula (360p, 480p, 720p, 1080p, dan 2048p). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai throughput protokol RTSP terbesar 9530,67 Kbps pada resolusi 1080p dengan 10 client dan terendah 3580,33 Kbps pada resolusi 360p dan 10 client sedangkan untuk protokol HTTP terbesar 9513,00 Kbps dengan resolusi 1080p untuk 30 client dan terendah 3699,67 Kbps pada resolusi 2048p dan 10 client. Packet loss protokol RTSP dikategorikan buruk dengan nilai diatas 10% berdasarkan standar ITU T.G 1010, sedangkan protokol HTTP dikategorikan baik berdasarkan standar ITU T.G 1010, dengan nilai packet loss sebesar 0,00 %. Delay pada protokol RTSP sebesar 37,66 ms sedangkan pada protokol HTTP sebesar 1,39 ms, dimana kedua protokol dikategorikan baik, menurut standar (ITU-T.G. 1010).
Abstrak Di masa pandemi covid-19 sekarang ini, sebagian besar masyarakat kehilangan mata pencaharian sehingga pemasukan semakin berkurang karena ada berbagai macam kendala dan pembatasan aktifitas. Berbagai macam peluang dan usaha untuk meningkatkan pendapatan di masa sekarang ini sangat penting. Bisnis online semakin meningkat dan oleh karena itu peluang usaha pembuatan cake, misalnya brownies dan kue ulang tahun dapat menjadi salah satu peluang usaha di bidang kuliner yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan, terutama di masa pandemi seperti saat ini. Dengan meningkatnya permintaan akan kuliner berupa cake, brownies dan kue ulang tahun maka pelatihan ini dilaksanakan sehingga mitra dapat memiliki pengetahuan secara baik tentang bagaimana pembuatan cake, brownies dan kue ulang tahun yang sederhana dan biaya yang ekonomis, namun memiliki rasa yang lezat, kemudian dengan teknologi pengemasan yang menarik agar berdaya jual tinggi. Metode pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan langsung mempraktekan pembuatan kuliner yang disiapkan, dilanjutkan dengan pengenalan website dan cara mempromosikan hasil secara online. Kata kunci: kuliner, cake, pandemi, covid-19. Abstract In this Covid-19 pandemic, most of the people around the world has suffered from the lost of job and the lack of income because of the many challenges and activity restrictions. Various kinds of opportunities and efforts to increase income today are very important. Online business is increasing and therefore cake making business opportunities, such as brownies and birthday cakes can be one of the business opportunities in the culinary field that can increase income, especially during a pandemic like today. With the increasing demand for culinary in the form of cakes, brownies and birthday cakes, this training is carried out so that participants can have good knowledge about how to make cakes, brownies and birthday cakes that are simple and economical, but have a delicious taste, then with technology of packaging for high selling power. The training method is carried out by directly practicing the culinary preparations that are prepared, followed by an introduction to the website and how to promote the culinary online. Keywords: culinary, cake, pandemic, covid-19
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