This study was designed with an aim to detect the congenital anomalies appear to be linked to and in conjunction with hydrocephalus fetuses in Sudan, when ultrasound is used to exam fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This prospective cohort study was performed from December 2011 to December 2013, in a group consists of 5000 single gestation pregnant Sudanese women. In all cases, maternal ages were 35 years up to 48 years; mean age of 42.5 years. Pelvic; obstetric ultrasound scanning protocol used should meet the standards established by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) for scanning in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. Diagnosed hydrocephalus cases (0.4%) were found to be associated with other fetal anomalies as aqueduct stenosis (45%), spina bifida (30%), Arnold-Chiari malformation (20%) and Dandy-Walker malformation (5%). The incidence of congenital anomalies and hydrocephalus in Sudanese fetuses showed considerable variation among different regions of Sudan. Hydrocephalus is associated with certain congenital anomalies. In agreement with previous studies, hydrocephalus is predominantly in male rather than female fetuses. The prevalence of fetal anomalies and hydrocephalus are within previously reported ranges.

SummaryTo find an association between smoking and the development of myocardial infarction in male patients above forty years of age presenting at the echocardiology department of Sudan heart center Khartoum.A prospective cohort study was carried out at the echocardiography department of Sudan Heart Center in Khartoum-Sudan between July 2012 and June 2014. The study population comprised a total of 168 adult male patients who underwent cardiac ultrasound scanning.Out of a total of 144 cases, 65% (94) of patients were smokers, 74% of the 94 cases smoked for more than 10 years, and 26% of the 94 cases smoked for less than 10 years.With this study it was concluded that smoking is a risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction. This study showed that patients with myocardial infarction are more likely to have a past history of smoking.

Abstract-This study was carried out to evaluate whether Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) in singleton gestations can serve as a reliable predictor of gestational age (GA) in fetuses in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A prospective study was carried out with 50 pregnant ladies, GA ranging from 15to37 weeks (estimation of mean GA was 26.8 ± 6.8 weeks), with a single fetus.TCD measurement by ultrasound was used for each fetus. Correlations between fetal TCD and GA were determined for the whole sample. Mean TCD was 28.6 ± 7.5 mm in 15-37 weeks of gestation. Regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between TCD and GA; correlation coefficient (r) = 0.94 and p< 0.001. Fetal TCD by ultrasound could be a predictive biometric parameter of GA in the last two trimesters of a pregnancy.

Liver enlargement and gall bladder wall thickening are common effects develop due to AIDS infection in population at Khartoum state, Sudan.

Global left ventricle chamber function in obese patients is assessed, most commonly, by means of the ejection fraction. The preferred noninvasive modality for evaluating regional wall motion and overall ventricular performance is usually color-flow Doppler transthoracic echocardiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of left ventricular ejection fraction to body mass index (BMI) measure of obesity in obese patients by using echocardiography. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the period of July 2012 to September 2014 in the ultrasound department of the Sudan Heart Center in Khartoum-Sudan, among a group of 250 obese participants of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (67.2% males and 32.8% females) and their ages range from 22 to 86 years; mean age of 41 ± 1.2 years. Echocardiography studies were performed using MyLab 50 XVision-Esaote echocardiography machine equipped with 2.5 MHz phased array probe. Standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. The mean BMI was 28.6 ± 5.4 kg/m 2. Significant relationship is found between left ventricle ejection fraction and BMI (P < 0.001). BMI is a useful statistical tool to track the body size trends in a multicentric population in Sudan. Left ventricular ejection fraction allows ventricular function to be assessed without the need for further body size adjustment.