Human schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Ongoing control measures have markedly decreased the incidence of the disease. This study determined the prevalence of Schistosoma hematobium and S. mansoni infection among school children and adults and the snail intermediate hosts in Aswan Governorate.A cross-sectional study was carried out in four villages, El-Molcata, Karor, El-Mocla and Elkhatara. Parasitological examination of 1200 inhabitant examined using direct stained smear and Kato-Katz concentration methods as well as urine sedimentation technique. Snail vectors were collected from different water streams, identified, and examined for schistosomes infective stages by shedding and crushing methods. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 25.The results showed that S. hematobium was 4.7% and S. mansoni was 1.25% among school children and adults, with risk factors; gender and exposure to canal water. Also, the freshwater snails were Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Valvata nilotica, Physa acuta, & Lymnaea truncatula. B. truncatus was widely distributed but did not show cercariae shedding.

Schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease especially in developing countries. S. haematobium of the urinogenital system is a major human health problem across Africa. Genetic variability recommended studying variation in disease burden and pathology, and epidemiological aspects. The present study investigated genetic diversity and polymorphism human S. S. haematobium isolated by using RAPD-PCR technique on 50/100 urine samples from different areas in Sohag Governorate.Extracted DNA was used for molecular analysis using RAPD-PCR primers (A01, A02, A12, A13, & Y20). 27 S. haematobium DNA isolates (54%) were amplified by using specific primers. The isolates showed distinct variation in size and number of amplified fragments, indicating high genetic variation among them.