Amonium hidroksida adalah larutan amonia didalam air dengan rumus NH4OH. Amonium hidroksida merupakan senyawa yang tidak berwarna dan memiliki bau yang sangat tajam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi molekuler dan kinetik dari amonium hidroksida. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan dengan ChemOffice 15.0. Untuk mengetahui konduktivitas, mobilitas, viskositas, kecepatan hanyut dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus dan data dari hasil riview jurnal penelitian yang berkaitan dengan amonium hidroksida seperti tahapan pada fishbond. Amonium hidroksida mempunyai termokimia dalam fase liquit dengan ∆𝐻,∆𝐺,𝑆°, 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝐶𝑝 yang masing-masing mempunyai nilai -361.2 kj/mol, -254.0 kj/mol, 165.6 J/molK dan 154.9 J/molK. Mobilitas ion NH4 dan OH- adalah 3.5 dan 1. Amonium hidroksida juga mempunyai energi kinetik yang hasilnya dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan chemoffice 15.0 yaitu sebesar 0,43

The module is one of the teaching materials that is arranged as a whole and systematically. Modules based on learning models can change learning patterns from teacher center to student center. One of the learning models developed specifically for subject matter in the field of science is 5E instructional. The 5E Instructional Model consists of 5 stages namely engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop an instructional module based on 5E chemical laws to improve the process skills of science students. The type of research conducted is research & development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model. The results obtained for the validity of the construct and content were 0.89 and 0.91 with the valid category. Based on the results of the teacher and student response questionnaires, an average practicality score of 86.96% and 86.10% was obtained in the very practical category. The results of the effectiveness test conducted in the experimental and control classes showed that the N-gain value for the experimental class was higher than the control class, namely 0.84 and 0.79. Based on the results of the t-test on student learning outcomes, it was found that tt < th means that the learning outcomes of classes using the 5E instructional module were significantly higher compared to classes that did not use the 5E instructional module. Therefore, it can be said that the 5E-based basic chemistry law module is valid, practical, and effective. The effectiveness of the developed module is seen from the learning outcomes of students and science process skills, so that this module can already be used in the learning process.

No abstract

The global COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been the resulted of massive human deaths since early 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as an inhibitor of RBD spike, helicase, Mpro, and RdRp activity of SARS-CoV-2 with an in silico approach. The samples were obtained from PubChem and RCSB PDB. Analysis of the similarity of the drug was carried out with the Swiss ADME on the basis of Lipinski rule of five. Prediction of antivirus probabilities was carried out using PASS Online. Molecular screening was performed using PyRx through molecular docking. Discovery Studio was used for visualization. The bioactive compounds with the highest antiviral potential were indicated with the lowest binding affinity to the targeted proteins RBD spike, helicase, Mpro, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. The results indicated that mangiferin has the greatest potential as a potential antiviral. However, more research is required to validate the results of these computational predictions.

Pterygospermin, Quercetin, Rutin, and β-amyrin which has an antiviral potential compounds against COVID 19 by inhibiting M pro and RdRp activity. [15][16][17][18] Besides all the compounds above, Oleic acid was most found at around 84% in M. Oleifera. 19 M. oleifera was the most appropriate candidate for an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to screen bioactive compounds of Moringa oleifera and to identify the antiviral potential compounds toward SARS-CoV-2 through an entry inhibitor mechanism. METHODS Data mining of sampleThe bioactive compounds of M. oleifera which consist of anthraquinone, apigenin, aurantiamide acetate, benzyl isothiocyanate, chlorogenic acid, chrysin, dibutyl phthalate, ellagic acid, hesperidin, isorhoifolin, myricetin, pterygospermin, quercetin, rutin, and vitex. The bioactive compounds of M. oleifera were retrieved format from PubChem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) in sdf format. 20 Protein modelingThe structure of M pro and RdRp as the target proteins which were not available in the RCSB PDB database was modeled based on their amino acid sequence. The NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) database was used to retrieve sequences of amino acids with fasta format. Furthermore, protein modeling is made through the SWISSMODEL site (https://swissmodel. expasy.org/). The selection of protein models was selected from several parameters such as QMQE value, QMEAN value, coverage value, local quality value, and comparison plot. In addition, the protein