The SAFARI-2000 intensive study site is located 13 km WSW of Skukuza. Detailed measurements of the exchanges of energy, water, carbon dioxide and other substances between the savanna and the atmosphere have been made there since April 2000. This paper provides basic information regarding the climate, soils and vegetation at the site. The site is located near the top of a gentle rise in an undulating granitic landscape. Most of the data were collected within a 300 m square centred on the flux tower situated at 25@01.184' S, 31@29.813' E and oriented true north. The tower stands exactly on the ecotone between a ridgetop broad-leafed <em>Combretum</em> savanna on sandy soil and a midslope fme-leafed <em>Acacia</em> savanna on clayey soil. The ecotone is marked by a 10 m wide band of sedges. The tree basal area within the sample square was 6.8 mVha (@ 1.0 standard error), the tree density 128 @ 16 plants/ha and the tree crown cover 24 @ 4 . Shrubs, defined as woody plants greater than 0.5 m but less than 2.5 m tall, contributed a further 7.6 crown cover. The basal area weighted mean height of the trees was 9 m, and the maximum height 13m. Nineteen woody plant species were recorded within the square, with 70 of the woody plant basal area dominated by C<em>ombretum apiculatum</em>, <em>Sclerocarya birrea</em> and <em>Acacia</em> <em>nigrescens</em>. The rooted basal area of grasses was 7.1 @ 0.6 and in June 2000 the grass standing crop was 400 g DM m2
Eating disorders are stereotypically believed to be a white, female, middle class malady. There is not currently a widely-held awareness among health professionals that these conditions exist in males, although past research has estimated that between 5-10% of individuals presenting with eating disorders are male. Despite increased records of the incidence of both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa in females over the last 50 years, the awareness of these disorders in males remains low. This has been attributed to bias and inaccuracy in diagnosis, stigma, and reluctance among males to seek treatment. This paper reviews the existing literature on males with eating disorders in an attempt to properly outline typical features that males may present with. These features are assessed within the context of generally accepted diagnostic criteria, and further the understanding of this phenomenon in males.
Psychotherapy with adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders is complicated by the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes occurring during this period. Developmental shifts, including those in identity, autonomy, intimacy, and sexuality, frame adolescents' needs and motivations. The authors propose that Assimilative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (APP; Stricker & Gold, 1996), being a flexible multitiered approach, is well suited to adolescent psychotherapy. The authors examine the application of APP to adolescents with an increased emphasis on systems variables given their greater dependence on the world around them and the importance of "goodness of fit" with the environment. The authors review the application of APP to the needs of adolescents with particular attention to systems variables and developmental issues. In addition, the authors include case examples to illustrate how APP can be integrated into individual therapy with adolescents.
South African literature on males with eating disorders is scarce. The existence of these disorders in South Africa males requires documentation; hence the current study was under taken. Specifically, the research attempted to identify features that were present in males in a South African hospital setting which specialises in the treatment of eating disorders. This research was then compared to contemporary international literature. The patient sample (n = 17) constituted all males who were admitted into the Eating Disorders Unit of the Tara, H. Morass Centre, during the period 1993 to 2002. The data were collected from a record review and was descriptive in nature. The majority of the sample (76%) was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. The sample was predominantly located in the upper socio-economic classes. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) scores displayed an overall deterioration at discharge. Fur ther, body mass index (BMI) increased insufficiently at discharge. This was in contrast to the findings in the relevant literature and may be the result of a shorter hospital admission. High exercise activity was observed and was important diagnostically. Few definitive co-morbid diagnoses were made, except for significant relational difficulties. This was contrary to the findings in the international literature, which strongly indicates mood and obsessive compul sive disorders. While broad generalisations based on this sample are limited, the findings do serve as a departure point for increasing awareness of the disorder in the male population.
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