International audienceSince 2000, the European Water Framework Directive has required managers to restore water bodies to good ecological status, including rivers that have been substantially anthropomorphized, i.e. the vast majority of rivers in France. This obligation creates situations, such as removal of mill sluice gates and strong resistance from local stakeholders that must be addressed by governmental agencies and local elected officials. Seine watershed researchers have suggested using a hydraulic model to give river managers an overall vision of structure function (including sluice gates) and the water elevation adjustments between the upstream and downstream reaches with adjustments to the structures. Scientists adapted their model with the collaboration of the local actors in charge of the river management. This simulation of the management of river structures was achieved by constructing an interactive platform and using it to simulate annual flow scenarios for the river and management objective scenarios for all types of use, both recreational and high- and low-water scenarios. Model construction and simulation reunited scientists; State services agents, elected officials but also mill owners and members of local associations. The objective of this collective use was to allow managers to appreciate the current knowledge on the effects that removing a structure would have, around a multifunctional approach to the river, to consider removal of certain structures depending on the locally expected results
The (re)construction of the ecological continuity is stated as one of the main objectives of the European Water Framework Directive for watershed management in Europe. Analysing the social, political, technical and scientific processes characterising the implementation of different projects of ecological continuity in two adjacent peri-urban territories in Ile-de-France, we observed science-driven approaches disregarding the social contexts. We show that, in urbanized areas, ecological continuity requires not only important technical and ecological expertise, but also social and political participation to the definition of a common vision and action plan. Being a challenge for both, technical water management institutions and "classical" ecological policies, we propose some social science contributions to deal with ecological unpredictability and reconsider stakeholder resistance to this kind of project.
Cet article explore les mécanismes par lesquels s’élaborent des compromis lors de la mise en œuvre de démarches de modélisation d’accompagnement. L’analyse se base sur l’application de cette démarche dans le cadre de la mise en place du Plan d’Aménagement des Pêcheries de courbine en Mauritanie. La mise au point de ce plan est une procédure réglementaire qui impose la concertation avec les acteurs de la pêche pour la définition de règles de gestion. Le processus de modélisation d’accompagnement a consisté en une série d’ateliers et de temps collectifs visant à co-construire une vision partagée du système de la filière courbine et de sa ressource. Il a impliqué des représentants de l’État, des professionnels (mareyeurs, capitaines-marins, propriétaires de navires) et des scientifiques. Pour analyser la construction de compromis, plusieurs campagnes d’interviews ont été réalisées et les principaux temps collectifs ont été observés et analysés. Les résultats montrent que l’apprentissage, le dévoilement, la modification des modes d’interaction entre participants et les catégorisations sont des mécanismes qui favorisent la constitution de compromis, tout en retenant l’hypothèse que les ateliers de simulation participative sont des moments privilégiés d’évolution des perceptions. L’article analyse également comment l’articulation entre le processus habituel d’élaboration des Plan d’Aménagement des Pêcheries en Mauritanie et la démarche de modélisation d’accompagnement, produit des arènes de dialogue entre décideurs, scientifiques et usagers, qui donnent un gage de qualité au processus de délibération et un levier pour favoriser l’acceptation du plan.
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