La Proteína C Reactiva (PCR) es una de las proteínas plasmáticas que aparecen en la fase aguda de la inflamación. La periodontitis se relaciona con niveles elevados de PCR en adultos y con una reducción de la misma después de su tratamiento. La diabetes, por otro lado, es una enfermedad que compromete la respuesta tanto inflamatoria como reparativa del organismo y los tejidos periodontales son particularmente sensibles a su efecto. La PCR por lo tanto, puede ser útil en el diagnóstico y en la determinación de progresión de la enfermedad periodontal (EP). El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los niveles de PCR en pacientes con EP y pacientes con EP y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Se incluyeron 60 sujetos distribuidos en 3 grupos: 15 pacientes con EP (Grupo 1), 15 pacientes con EP y DM2 (grupo 2) y 30 pacientes sistémicamente sanos (grupo 3). A cada uno de los participantes se les realizaron pruebas bioquímicas: Proteína C Reactiva (NycoCard® PCR), HbA1c (NycoCard®) y glucosa en sangre. Para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad periodontal se siguieron los parámetros del 5° Taller Europeo de Periodontología. Para evaluar las diferencias entre los grupos se usó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas al comparar la concentración de PCR en los 3 grupos (p<0.01), siendo el grupo de pacientes sanos el que presentaba el menor promedio (4.88±0.08) y los mayores promedios para los grupos de EP (5.95±2.23) y EP/DM2 (5.21±0.20). Además se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.01) en los tres grupos con respecto a la concentración hemoglobina, talla, IMC y PI. Los resultados indican que los niveles séricos de PCR se elevan en pacientes con EP y en pacientes con EP y DM2. Aunque se notó esta diferencia, existen diversos factores tanto locales como sistémicos que pueden potencialmente influir en los niveles de PCR y estos representan una limitación y dificultad al momento de interpretar las pruebas.

Advancements in digital technology and imaging over the last 25 years have permitted the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) modeling protocols in Dentistry. The use of stereolithographic models has progressively replaced traditional milled models and x-rays in the management of craniofacial anomalies and in implant rehabilitation. Diverse advantages can be mentioned, including better visualization of complex anatomical structures and more precise and sophisticated pre-surgical planning, through a simulated insight of the procedures of interest. The aim of this review is to provide essential information about the different applications and limitations of stereolithography, addressed to those general dentists and dental students interested in gaining experience in the reconstructive surgery and implant placement fields.

Objectives: To evaluate quantitatively deformation of the angle of the horizontal plane of the bevel tip in new dental needles and in dental needles used in clinical procedures. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 360 dental needles from four different manufacturers. The needles were divided into four groups (90 per group): Group 1, Monoject ® ; Group 2, DLP ® ; Group 3, Badiject, and Group 4, Zeyco. The new and used needles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate quantitatively the deformation on the bevel. Results: All groups showed a significantly statistical difference between new needles and needles used for one or two injections (P < 0.05), except for those of Group 4, which exhibited no statistical difference. Conclusion: All dental needles used demonstrated tip deformation after their use, but in addition, dental needles without clinical use also showed deformation.

The developments of three‐dimensional and bioactive supports are essential for bone tissue engineering. Therefore, this study reports the morphology and biological behavior of osteoblast cells grown on bioactive 3D scaffolds, obtained by electro‐spinning and based on poly(lactic acid), PLA, and Hydroxyapatite, HAp, composites (PLA/HAp), which were superficially treated with RGD. Likewise, the characterization of the obtained 3D scaffolds is presented and discussed. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain structures with porosities higher than 90% with interconnected channels, which favor cell adhesion and growth. Also, the biological performance evaluation of the scaffolds indicates that surface treatment with RGD was effective and has a synergistic effect along with HAp. The cell adhesion was also observed by SEM and the images show cells extended and adhered to the scaffold's fibers along with neighboring cells. Also, the HAp had an influence on cell proliferation, which showed the maximum values with 2.5 and 5.0% wt of HAp. Therefore, 3D PLA/HAp scaffolds, obtained by electrospinning, treated with RGD represent promising material for use in bone tissue engineering.

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