No abstract

No abstract

Background: The clinical manifestations of lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) are common but non-specific to any particular disease among geriatric dogs. Diagnosis and confirmation of the specific lower urinary tract disease is a biggest challenge for a successful treatment plan. Methods: Geriatric dogs that were presented with signs suggestive of lower urinary tract diseases were subjected for detailed clinical examination followed by complete urinalysis, culture and microscopic examination of the urine sample that was collected by ultrasound guided cystocentesis. Abdomen radiography and ultrasonography was also performed to confirm the specific LUT disease. Fine needle aspiration of prostate was also carried out in few selected cases. Result: A total of 52 geriatric dogs were diagnosed for various lower urinary tract diseases such as cystitis, cystic calculi, prostate infection, transitional cell carcinoma and both calculi with cystitis. Stranguria, dysuria, malodorous urine, blood-tinged urine, oliguria, urinary incontinence and anuria were few common signs recorded. Apart from RBCs, WBCs and other cellular debris, various types of crystals were also detected on microscopic evaluation of the urine sample. Struvite or triple phosphate crystals (coffin-lid shape) were of predominant, followed by calcium oxalate dihydrate (octahedron or envelope shape), calcium oxalate monohydrate (picket fence shape) and ammonium urate or biurate (irregular shape). Most commonly calculi were retrieved from bladder and in few male dogs from urethra. In addition to cystic calculi, transitional cell carcinoma was also recorded among few cases that were reported with hematuria. Enlarged prostate and abscess were common abnormalities of prostate among geriatric dogs.

No abstract

Background: For conservation of breeds and faster multiplication of superior germplasm in a short period, ovum pick-up- In vitro embryo production (OPU-IVEP) in combination with embryo transfer (ET) can be a viable alternative to the multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of FSH stimulation on follicular population, oocyte recovery rate and in vitro maturation of oocytes collected by ovum pick-up in Sahiwal cows. Methods: Sixteen Sahiwal cows aged 3-6 years were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in group 1 (Non-stimulated, n=8) were subjected to ovum pick-up (OPU) twice at 96h interval at random stage of estrous cycle. Animals in group 2 (FSH stimulated, n=8) were subjected to FSH prestimulation (Follitropin-V, 200 mg i/m in 3 tapering doses 100, 60, 40 mg) prior to OPU 1 and with a duration of 96 hrs interval OPU 2 performed. Result: There was significant difference (p less than 0.05) observed between FSH stimulated and non-stimulated group in mean number of follicles available for aspiration (15.31±1.56 and 6.88±0.55, respectively), mean number of oocytes recovered (4.94±0.70 and 3.25±0.40, respectively), cumulus cell expansion rate (92.95 and 83.7% respectively) and 1st polar body extrusion rate (74.64 and 67.44%, respectively). In conclusion, 200 mg of FSH stimulation with decreasing dose prior to OPU increased the follicular population and increased more number of medium and large follicles available for aspiration. FSH pre-treatment also improved the mean number of oocyte recovery and maturation rate compared to non-stimulated group.