Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

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Modifications were made in rearing technique of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval), to obtain perfect methods to increase their reproductive ability. Changing the larval artificial diet of E. insulana after seven days with the fresh one of the same diet or natural okra fruits, caused non significant short in the larval and pupal duration, and significant increasing the larval and pupal weight, adult emergency, fecundity and hatchability percentages in comparison with larvae continuously reared on artificial diet without change the diet until pupation.The use of honey solution either alone or mixture with yeast or vitamin E instead of sugar solution alone or mixture with yeast or vitamin E, in feeding spiny bollworm moths increased the quantity and viability of egg laid per female. The number of eggs per female were 146, 154, 149, 156, 166, 161 eggs, for sugar, sugar + yeast, sugar + vitamin E, honey, honey + yeast and honey + vitamin E solutions, respectively. The numbers of egg per female in presence of cotton boll or okra fruit were 183 and 178 eggs, respectively, which was higher than that obtained in absent of host plant (156 eggs per female).

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter are common following cardiac surgery, increasing costs and morbidity. Cardiologists need a method to discern those patients who are at high risk for this arrhythmia in order to attempt to treat them by either pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic means. We performed a retrospective analysis of 377 CABG patients, of which 94 developed AF post-operatively. Feature selection and AF occurrence prediction was performed using a multivariate regression model, and two rough set derived rule classifiers. The rough set derived feature subset performed best with an accuracy of 87%, a sensitivity of 58.5%, and a specificity of 96.5%. This shows the importance of testing feature subsets, thereby discouraging the practice of simply combining the best individual predictors. The utility of rough set theory in prediction of cardiac arrhythmia is also validated.